ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas tentang imigrasi Yahudi ke Palestina sejak tahun 1882 hingga 1948. Landasan teori yang digunakan sebagai alat analisis ialah teori perpindahan penduduk secara umum dan dalam konteks Yahudi, serta teori Zionisme. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan pada metode sejarah, dan dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif.Sepanjang sejarahnya, umat Yahudi telah mengalami berbagai proses perpindahan, mulai dari diaspora hingga perpindahan kembali menuju Palestina yang dikenal dengan istilah Aliyah. Aliyah sangat berkaitan dengan konsep Zionisme. Sejak berdirinya Organisasi Zionis Dunia pada 1897, kolonisasi wilayah Palestina melalui Aliyah menjadi tujuan utama organisasi tersebut. Bertopeng pada aspek_aspek religius seperti klaim Tanah Yang Dijanjikan, Zionisme sukses menjalankan ideologi potitisnya. Sejak 1882, Aliyah mulai terjadi secara terstruktur. sebab_sebabnya antara lain ialah pogrom dan anti_Semitisme yang berkembang di Eropa Timur, serta munculnya kekuatan Nazi Jerman yang menjadikan anti_Semitisme sebagai peraturan. Melalui imigran_imigran yang tergabung dalam Aliyah, kaum Yahudi mampu menciptakan kekuatan_kekuatan yang menjadi fondasi berdirinya Negara Israel. Berbagai komunitas dan organisasi pun berhasil didirikan. Namun, konflik antara pendatang Yahudi dan pihak Arab setempat tidak dapat dihindari, seperti konflik yang terjadi pada 1920 dan 1921, konflik Tembok Ratapan, Deir Yassin, dan sebagainya. Walaupun terjadi berbagai konflik, pada 14 Mei 1948, kaum Yahudi Palestina, yang berasal dari para imigran Aliyah berhasil memproklasikan pendirian Negara Israel.
Abstract
This thesis discusses about Jewish immigration to Palestine since 1882 until 1948. Theoretical basis which is used as an analysis tool is the theory of population movement in general and in the Jewish context, and the theory of Zionism. This research is qualitative based on historical method, and the type of descriptive research. Throughout history, Jews have experienced a variety of migration processes, ranging from the diaspora to return to the Palestinian movement known as Aliyah. Aliyah is closely associated with the concept of Zionism. Since the establishment of the World Zionist Organization in 1897, the colonization of Palestinian territories through Aliyah became the main purpose of the organization. Masked in religious aspects, such as the claim of The Promised Land, Zionism successfully ran its politic ideology. Since 1882, Aliyah began to occur in a structured way. Its causes, among others is a pogrom and anti_Semitism that developed in Eastern Europe and the emerging power of Nazi Germany which made anti_Semitism as a rule. Through the immigrants who are members of Aliyah, the Jews were able to create the forces that became the foundation of the establishment of the State of Israel. Various communities and organizations were successfully established. However, the conflict between Jewish settlers and the local Arab side could not be avoided, such as the conflicts that occurred in 1920 and 1921, The Wailing Wall conflict, Deir Yassin, and others. Despite the various conflicts, on May 14, 1948, Palestinian Jews, who came from successful Aliyah immigrants proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. |
