Skripsi ini memaparkan sejarah permukiman kumuh di Jakarta 1960—1969. Di tengah pembangunan ibukota, permukiman kumuh tersebut muncul dan tersebar. Awal 1960, Jakarta sedang bersiap menyambut Asian Games 1962. Gedung, kompleks olahraga, patung-patung, jalan-jalan, dan bangunan baru lainnya dipersiapkan untuk menyambut ajang tersebut. Jakarta mengalami perubahan besar di masa itu. Di saat yang sama, arus urbanisasi ke Jakarta meningkat pesat. Orang-orang dari desa menyerbu kota karena kemiskinan di desa dan pemberontakkan daerah. Hal ini ikut menyebabkan jumlah penduduk Jakarta meningkat. Jumlah penduduk Jakarta telah mencapai tiga juta orang sejak 1961. Penduduk tersebut memerlukan tempat bermukim di kota. Mereka yang mempunyai modal cukup dapat membangun permukiman yang layak. Sementara mereka yang tidak mempunyai cukup modal, seperti gelandangan, hanya mampu mendirikan gubuk-gubuk atau rumah-rumah kumuh tak permanen yang berbahan kayu, bambu, dan kardus. Pekerjaan mereka sebagai buruh kasar, pedagang asongan, penarik becak, dan sektor informal lainnya tidak banyak menghasilkan pemasukkan yang cukup. Sementara itu, pemerintah daerah belum mampu menyediakan permukiman yang layak untuk kelompok masyarakat tersebut. Akibatnya permukiman kumuh muncul dan tersebar di ibukota. Pemerintah daerah berusaha memecahkan masalah permukiman kumuh yang dapat menimbulkan masalah tambahan lainnya seperti pelacuran dan kriminalitas tersebut melalui berbagai cara. Melalui metode sejarah, skripsi ini mencoba memaparkan permasalahan tersebut.
This undergraduate theses describes the history of slum settlements in Jakarta among year 1960—1969. In the midst of capital development, slum settlements were emerged and spread. In the early 1960, Jakarta was preparing to welcome the Asian Games 1962. Buildings, a huge sport complexes, city statues, streets, and other new buildings were prepared to welcome this event. Jakarta had experienced major change in that period. At the same time, urbanization had rapidly increased. People from villages stormed the city because of poverty in rural areas and regional rebellions. It contributed toward the increase of city dwellers number. The population of Jakarta had reached three million people by the year 1961. The residents needed a settlement to live in the city. Those who had enough capital could build proper housing. While those who had no capital, such as nomad people, could only build huts or non-permanent houses which were made of wooden, bamboo, and cardboard. They only worked as unskilled laborers, hawkers, becak pullers, and other informal sector so that they could not raise enough revenue to build a proper house. Meanwhile, local government dad not been able to provide proper housing for these weak communities. As the result, slum settlements emerged and spread in the capital of Indonesia. Local government tried to solve the problem of slums that could cause additional problem such as prostitution and crime by doing many ways. Through the historical method, this undergraduate theses tries to explain the problems. |
