Aktivitas di laboratorium atau rumah sakit pendidikan di Universitas Indonesia, pasti akan menghasilkan limbah bahan berbahaya Dan beracun (B3) yang apabila dibuang ke dalam media lingkungan dapat mengancam lingkungan, kesehatan, dan kelangsungan hidup manusia serta makhluk hidup lain. Sampai saat ini, Universitas Indonesia belum memiliki sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 secara terpadu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sumber dan karakteristik limbah B3 di beberapa laboratorium di Fakultas Teknik, Fakultas Matematika dan IPA, Fakultas Kedokteran, dan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, serta sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 yang dapat diterapkan di lingkungan Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan tujuan utama untuk membuat gambaran atau deskriptif tentang karakteristik dan sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 di Universitas Indonesia. Analisa data diolah dengan teknik kualitatif dan wawancara untuk menggambarkan secara rinci karakteristik limbah B3 yang dihasilkan dan merekomendasikan sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 berdasarkan sistem pengelolaan eksisting yang telah diterapkan pada beberapa laboratorium di FT, FMIPA, FK, dan FKG di Universitas Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah yang dihasilkan beberapa laboratorium di FT, FMIPA, FK, dan FKG Universitas Indonesia berasal dari limbah laboratorium dan limbah medis. Karakteristik limbah B3 meliputi limbah laboratorium (flammable, harmful, korosif, toksik, eksplosif, oxidizing, karsinogenik, dangerous for the environment, limbah organik, dan bahan kadaluarsa) dan limbah medis (limbah benda tajam, limbah lain yang terkontaminasi, limbah patologis, limbah cairan tubuh manusia/darah/produk darah, limbah kandang binatang/binatang yang dimatikan/alas tidur binatang dan kotorannya, dan limbah farmasi). Rekomendasi sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 yang dapat diterapkan di Universitas Indonesia meliputi pengumpulan, penyimpanan sementara, dan pengolahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka setiap laboratorium atau rumah sakit pendidikan di Universitas Indonesia disarankan harus melakukan upaya minimisasi limbah B3, melakukan manajemen pengelolaan limbah B3 secara konsisten dan pengawasan secara rutin, dan melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai sistem pengelolaan limbah B3 di Universitas Indonesia.
Activities in the laboratory or teaching hospital at the University of Indonesia, will inevitably produce waste. One of which is hazardous waste, when thrown into the environmental media can threaten the environment, health, and survival humans and other living creatures. Today the University of Indonesia does not have hazardous waste management system. The aim of research was to determine the sources and the characteristics of the hazardous waste in several laboratories in the Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, and hazardous waste management system that can be applied at the University of Indonesia. This research was a qualitative research with the objective of making the description about characteristics and hazardous waste management system at the University of Indonesia. Data analysis was taken by qualitative techniques and interviews to describe in detail the hazardous waste characteristics and recommend the hazardous waste management system based on the existing hazardous waste management system that has been applied in several laboratories in the FT, FMIPA, FK, and FKG at the University of Indonesia. Result of the study showed that the waste was produced several laboratories in the FT, FMIPA, FK, and FKG University of Indonesia comes from laboratory waste and medical waste. Characteristics of hazardous waste consist of laboratory waste (flammable, harmful, corrosive, toxic, explosive, oxidizing, carcinogenic, dangerous for the environment, organic waste, and expired material) and medical waste (sharps, other contaminated waste, pathological waste, waste human body fluids/blood/blood products, waste animal enclosures/disabled animals/animal bedding and manure, and waste pharmaceuticals). Recommendation of hazardous waste management proposed consist of collection, temporary storage, and treatment. Based on research results, any laboratory or teaching hospital at the University of Indonesia to expected to have hazardous waste minimization efforts, do the hazardous waste management in a consistent and routine monitoring, and conduct further research on the hazardous waste management systems at the University of Indonesia. |
