ABSTRAK Penelilian tahap perlama ini merupakan penelitian survai, yang bertujuan untukmemperoleh informasi tentang : (1) urutan kompetensi ahli teknik mesin yangdibutuhkan oleh dunia kerja, (2) urutan penguasaan kompetensi sarjana teknikmesin, (3) urutan kompetensi ahli teknik mesin yang perlu didngkatkan, (4)kompetensi lulusan teknik mesin yang perlu ditingkatkam menurut perguruantinggi, (5) kompehensi yang perlu mendapat perhatian perguruan tinggi dalarnpengcmbangan kurikulum, (6) urutan prioritas cabang ilmu heknik mesin yangperlu dikembangkan, (7) kerjasama perguruan tinggi dan industri, (8) kondisiperguruan tinggi. Lnformasi tersebut di atas akan dijadikan sébagai landa,san_)dalam penelitian berikutnya, yaitu perancangan model pernbelajaz-an yangmampu mendukung terciptqnya kebutuhan kompetensi yang telah dirumuskanpada penelitian `Untuk mendapatkan infonnasi tersebut di atas, dilakukan survai pada '16 industriyang bergerak di bidang teknik mesin dan 6 perguruan tinggi negeri. Industriyang disurvai mencakup induslri mesin yang memproduksi bahan, barang jadi,dan jasa. Perguruan tinggi yang di survai adalah UNSRL ITB, UI, UGM, ITS,UNHAS. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitiah ini berupakuesioner yang dibuat untuk industzi dan keperluan pergunzan tinggi. Kuesipneruntuk keperluan industri terdiri dari 4 bagian yailu idemitas responden, persepsikemampuan dasar ahli heknik mesin, penguasaan kompetensi sazjana teknikmesin clan kerjasama dengan perguruan tinggi. Kuesioner untuk keperluanpérgliruan tinggi terdiri dari 5 bagian yaitu identitas responden, `pe1nbekalanpengetahuan teknik mesin, kelengkapan fasilitas pendidikan, kondisi pengajaran,kerjasama dengan instansi lain.Hasil analisis data secara deskriptif mengungkapkan bahwa A). Kebutuhan ahliteknik mesin menurut industri adalah 1 (1) lima umtan prioritas kompetensi dariyang paljng penting adalah : perencanaan & perancangan nekayasa, rnanajemen rekayasa, pendidikan dan pelatihan, komunikasi, pengetahuan 8: keterampilandasar rekayasa profesional; (2) Urutan penguasaan kompctensi diurut mulai dariyang paling lemah adalah kumuniksi, penelitian & pengembangan,komersialisasi, manajemen aset, implementasi proyek, manufaktur 6: produksi;(3) umtan kompetensi yang perlu ditingkatkan diurut mulai dari yang paling-penting adalah komunilcasi, perencanaan & perancangan rekayasa, pendidikan &pelatihan, penelitian & pengembangan, komersialisasi; (4) arah perkembanganbidang ilmu tekni1< mesin diurut mulai dari yang paling penting adalah konversienergi, pemipaan & instalasi, variasi mesin untuk kebutuhan khusus, mesin-mesin otomotif, mesin-mesin pertanian; B) Kebufsuhan ahli teknik mesin menurutpergnu-uan tinggi adalah: (1) kompetensi yang perlu dilingkatkan adalah prinsip& etika profesi, (2) kompebensi yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalampengembangan kudkulum adalahz komunikasi, perencanaan '& perancanganrekayasa, pendidikan 8: pelatihan, manajemen aset, penelitian & pengembangan,komersialisasi; prinsip 8: etilca profesi; (3) seluruh perguruan Iinggi ternyatapernah melakukan kezjasama dengan industri, namun masing-masing melihatdari kepantingannya sendiri, belum pada kepentingan bersama, (4) praktikumpada umumnya berjalan lancar, fasilitas perpustakaan dan administrasipelayanan memadai, metoda, media pembelajaran serta tugas yang diberikanpada mahasiswa miskin variasi.Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, maka dapat diiemukaan bebe)-apa saranimplikasi hasil temuan penelitian sebagai berikul: (1) model pembelajaran yangdikembangkan dirancang sedemikian, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan(kompetensi) sebagai berikut : (a) kemampuan berkomunikasi secara efektif(terlulis dan lisan), (b) lcemampuan rancang bangun dan rekayasa dalarn bidangpcrmesinan, (c) kemampuan mengaplikasikan konsep dan prinsip manajemendalam proses belajarnya, (d) kemampuan menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip penelitiancjan pengembangannya untuk menghasilkan produk Iayak jual, (e) kemampuanmenjalankan tugas sesuai dengan kode etik profesional, (2) mata kuiiah yangakan digunakan sebagai obyek garapan pengembangan model pembelajaranadalan mata kuliah yang memungkinkan (cocok) untuk climinati. Stra pembelajaran yang diusulkan adalah strategi mendukung ke arah pembentukan kompetensi sebagaimana tertera di atas, (3) bidang garapan kerjasama Perguruan Tinggi - Industri yang ada agar diupayakan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan penerapan dalam menumbuhkan kompetensi yang diperlukan, (4) temuan mengenai arah pengexnbangan bidang ilmu teknik mesin, agar diperlimbangkan,sebagai masukan dalam mengembangkan metode pernbelajaran, (5) kegiatanpembelajaran, jenis tugas yang diberikan, media pembelajaran dan kegiatanpraktikum seria fasilitas laboratorium yang ada, agar dimanfaatkan, dimoclifikasisedemikian sehfngga mendulcung ke arah tercapainya kompetensi yangdiharapkan, (6) karakheristik dosen, mahasiswa perlu digali, agar efektlfitaspembelajaran meningkat. Abstract The aim of this first stage research were to find out the information about : (1) the rankingpriority of Mechanical Engineer?s competence in industries, (2) the ranking of masteringlevel?s competence of Mechanical Engineer who works in industries, (3) the kinds ofcompetence of Mechanical Engineer needed to be improved proposed by industries, (4)the competence of Mechanical Engineer?s needed to be improved proposed by theTechnical Higher Education, (5) the ranking priority of Mechanical EngineeringSpecialisation needed to be developed, (6) kind of partnership activities between industryand technical higher education., (7) the existing condition of instructional facilities usagein the technical higher education. All this infomation above will be`used as main input,instrumental input for developing instructional model that will be able to support thecompetency needed by the Mechanical Engineer that will be held in the second stage ofresearch.Survey in 16 industries producing materials, goods and mechanical engineering service,and 6 (six) States Technical I-Hgher Education in Mechanical Engineering Division hadbeen done in order to gather infomation needed for this research. The (six) StatesTechnical Higher Education in Mechanical Engineering Division were UNSRI, ITB, UI,UGM., ITS, UNHAS. The instmments for survey consist of questiormaire for industriesand for universities. The questionnaire for industry consists of 4 parts, there arerespondent identity, the perception items of basic knowledge competency needed for theprofessional mechanical engineer, the perception of mastering level competency ofMechanical Engineer who works in industries, kind of partnership activities betweenindustry and university. The questionnaire for States Technical Higher Education inMechanical Engineering Division consists of 5 (five) parts, there are respondent identity,the perception of mechanical engineering content to be given in promoting competency,needed for Mechanical Engineer in university, the existing facilities in education, theexisting condition of instructional activities to be handled, kind partnership activitiesbetween industry and university. This research find out : A) From industrial point of view that : (1) The ranking priority of Mechanical Engineer competency, presents from the most important competency were Engineering Planning and Design, Management of Engineering Works, Education and Training, Communication, Professional Engineering Practice Skill and Basic Engineering Knowledge, (2) The ranking mastering level competence of Mechanical Engineer whoworks in industry presents from the lowest level ofmzistcring were Communication,Research Development and Commercialisation, Asset Management, ProjectImplementation and Production ; (3) The ranking of competence needed to be improvedaccording to the industries, presents from the most important competency wereCommunication, Engineering Planning and Design, Education and Training, AssetManagement, Research Development and Commercialisation ; (4) The direction ofmechanical engineering specialist needed to be developed presents from the mostimportant were Energy Conversion & Electric Power, Plant and Piping Engineering,Various Special Industries Machinery Engineering, Automotive Engineering, AgriculturalMachine Engineering ; B) From Higher Education point of view this research find out that2 (1) The competency needed to be improved according to respondent in the highereducation technology was The Professional Ethics and Principles; (2) The competencyneeded to be considered in curriculum development were Communication, EngineeringPlanning and Design, Education and Training, Asset Management, Research.Development and Commercialisation, Professional Ethics and Principles, (3) Almost allhigher education technology in mechanical engineering division ever having activities withindustry ; (4) Almost all higher education technology in mechanical engineering divisionhad done very well the laboratory works ; library facilities and services also in good order; the instructional method and media usage and task to be given to the students were inpoor in variety.Base on the summary above, some suggestions are proposed as follow: __ (l) _In order todevelop instructional model for mechanical engineering division: (a) the ranking priorityof competence needed to be achieved have to be used as the instructional objective , (b) he condition of the mechanical engineering division , such as the characteristics of coursecontent, the characteristics ofthe students, the constraints and strength in the educationinstitution and industries. (2) By knowing the type of collaboration activities betweenuniversity and industry, it can be used as an input for improving a better collaborationwhich can give benefits for both clearly, (3) By knowing the direction of mechanicalengineering specialist needed to be developed _ it can be used as an input for designingspecific instructional task for students in order to increase enrichment in knowledge or forcurriculum development. |