Metamfetamin merupakan stimulan yang diproduksi secara sintesis dantermasuk salah satu jenis narkotika yang sering disalahgunakan serta diedarkansecara ilegal di Indonesia. Investigasi kasus peredaran ilegalnya di Indonesiaselama ini belum didukung pengotor dan karakteristik/profil metamfetamintersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengotor dan membuatkarakterisasi/profil serta mengetahui rute sintesis metamfetamin yang beredarilegal. Penelitian dilakukan pada 20 sampel metamfetamin sitaan penyidik tahun2011-2012 dengan menggunakan instrumen kromatografi gas spektroskopi massa,kromatografi gas ionisasi nyala dan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Ekstraksisampel dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu ekstraksi dengan dapar fosfat pH 10,5dan etil asetat, dan ekstraksi langsung dengan etil asetat. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan adanya pengotor berupa 1-fenil-2-propanon, (pseudo)efedrin, Nformilmetametamin,N-asetilmetamfetamin, 1-fenil-2-propanol, naftalen, aziridin,dan oksazolidin. Kiralitas sampel menunjukkan adanya metamfetamin yangberbentuk rasemat, levo dan dekstro. Berdasarkan data penelitian di atas dapatdisimpulkan 3 rute sintesis yang digunakan yaitu : reduksi aminasi, Emde danNagai. Sebaran kemurnian sampel metamfetamin berkisar antara 10% hingga71%.
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a stimulant that is produced in the synthesis andinclude any type of drug that is often missused and illegally circulated inIndonesia. Investigation of cases of illegal circulatian in Indonesia so far has notbeen supported by impurities and characteristics/profile of methamphetamine. Thestudy was conducted to analyze impurities and make the characterization/profileand find out an out standing synthesis route of illegal methamphetamine. Thestudy was conducted on 20 samples of seized methamphetamine investigation in2011-2012 by using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy, gas chromatographyflame ionization detector, and high performance liquid chromatography.Extraction of samples done in two ways: extraction with phosphate buffer pH 10.5and ethyl acetate, and direct extraction with ethyl acetate. The results indicate thepresence of impurities in the form of 1-phenyl-2-propanone, (pseudo)ephedrine,N-formylmethamphetamine, N-acetylmethamphetamine, 1-phenyl-2-propanol,naphthalene, aziridine, and oxazolidine. Chirality of the sample indicate thepresence of racemic, levo and dextro. Based on research data can be concludedthat the synthesis of 3 routes used are: reductive amination, Emde and Nagai. |
