Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat khususnya Jakarta. Kelurahan Paseban, yang terletak di Jakarta Pusat, merupakan zona merah DBD sehingga perlu dilakukan pemberantasan antara lain menggunakan Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). Bti telah digunakan dalam skala laboratorium tetapi belum digunakan di lapangan. Oleh karena itu perlu penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam memberantas vektor DBD di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan intervensi Bti 4 ml/mz. Lokasi penelitian adalah Kelurahan Paseban dan pengambilan data dilakukan pada tanggal 14 Februari 2010 (pretest) dan 14 Maret 2010 (posttest) di 100 rumah di daerah perlakuan dan 100 rumah di daerah control. Metode penelitian menggunakan single-larval method, yaitu mengambil satu larva dari tiap container yang positif kemudian diidentitikasi menggunakan mikroskop. Selanjutnya semua container besar dan permanen ditetesi Bti 4 ml/m2 lalu dievaluasi satu bulan kemudian. Selanjutnya data pretest dan posttest diterjemahkan menjadi house index (HI), container index (CI) dan Breteau index (BI) lalu dianalisis menggunakan uji MeNemar. Hasilnya menunjukkan penurunan HI (dari 26% menjadi 8%), CI (dari 10,64% menjadi 4,26%) dan BI (dari 20 menjadi 8). Meskipun demikian, pada uji Mc Nemar didapatkan p= 0,652 yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada penurunan tersebut. Disimpulkan aplikasi Bti 4 ml/'ml tidak efektif dalam memberantas larva Ae. aegypti.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem, especially in Jakarta. Paseban District, which is located in Central Jakarta, is known as a red zone of DHF, therefore an eradication using Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is needed. Although Bti has been applied on laboratorial scale, it has not been applied on field. A research is needed to evaluate Bti effectiveness in eradicating DHF vector on field. This research used experimental design with intervention of Bti 4ml/m2. The research took place in Paseban District with data being taken on February 14, 2010 (pretest) and March 14, 2010 (posttest), involving 100 houses in intervention area and 100 houses in control area. The single-larval method was used, taking one larva from each positive container followed by identifying the larvae using microscope. Every pennanent and large container was then given Bti 4 ml/m2 and to be evaluated in the following month. The pretest and posttest data was then merged into house index (HI), container index (CI), and Breteau index (Bl) and analyzed using McNemar test. The result showed a decrease of HI (from 26% to 8%), C1 (from 10,64% to 4,26%) and BI (from 20 to 8). However, McNemar test gave a result of p = 0,652 which means there was no significant difference on the decrease. It is then concluded that the application of Bti 4 ml/m2 was not effective in eradicating Ae. aegypti larvae. |
