ABSTRAK
Timbulan sampah domestik di kota Depok dari jumlah timbulan yang ada, sekitar65,11 % merupakan sampah organik. Sampah organik tersebut merupakan potensibahan baku kompos. Salah satu kontrol untuk menghasilkan produk kompos yangmempunyai kualitas sesuai standar, perlu dilakukan pengontrolan kadar air. Akantetapi, proses pengomposan di UPS kota Depok tidak terdapat pengontrolan kadarair. Karena itu, perlu diterapkan kontrol kadar air agar pengomposan berjalanoptimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh variasi kadar airterhadap laju dekomposisi proses pengomposan. Lokasi penelitan adalah di UPSJalan Jawa Depok. Metode pengomposan yang diterapkan pada penelitian iniadalah open windrow selama 60 hari dengan variasi kadar air 40%, 50%, 60%,dan 70%. Parameter yang diteliti adalah laju dekomposisi material organik(volatile solids dan lignin) serta parameter kematangan kompos (pH, rasio C/N,dan suhu).Hasil penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa kadar air mempengaruhi parametersuhu, volatile solid, lignin, dan karbon. Akan tetapi tidak mempengaruhiparameter pH dan nitrogen. Kadar air yang optimum untuk laju dekomposisiadalah 40% dan 50%. Karena pada kondisi tersebut telah mencapai suhu 550C.Pada penelitian ini telah semua tumpukan mencapai pH optimum yang berkisarantara 5,11-8,51. Laju dekomposisi volatile solid rata-rata pada peneltian iniadalah 0,283%/hari. Laju dekomposisi terbesar terjadi pada tumpukan 1 sebesar0,289%/hari. Sedangkan laju dekomposisi lignin semua perlakuan sangat lambatdengan rata-rata 0,014%/hari. Untuk Rata-rata dekomposisi karbon padapenelitian ini adalah 0,075%/hari. Dimana pada tumpukan 4 adalah yang terbesar,yaitu 0,097%/hari. Sedangkan laju dekomposisi rata-rata nitrogen pada penelitianini adalah 0,003%/hari. Kompos pada penelitian ini mempunyai ciri kenampakanfisik berwarna coklat kehitaman dan bentuk remah/menyerupai tanahserta bau seperti humus, dan sudah tidak terdapat bau yang tidak sedap,dan pH netral.Semua perlakuan memenuhi standar C/N (10 s.d 20) SNI:19-7030-2004 tentang kualitas kompos.
ABSTRACT
Depok city has the organic fraction of the domestic waste generationapproximately 65.11%. That organic waste is a potential raw material forcomposting. One of the parameters for controlling composting is water content.However, the composting process in the Waste Treatment Unit in Depok city doesnot have water content control. Therefore, it needs to be applied the water contentcontrolling in composting in order to gain optimal process. The purpose of thisstudy is to determine the effect of water content variation in organic wastecomposting decomposition rate in Depok city. This study performed in Jalan JawaWaste Treatment Unit Depok city. Composting method which was applied is openwindrow for 60 days with water content variation 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. Theparameters were the rate of organic matter decomposition (volatile solids andlignin) and compost maturity parameters (pH, C / N ratio, and temperature).The results of this study showed that water content affected the parameters:temperature, volatile solid, lignin, and carbon. Nevertheless, it did not affect theparameters of pH and nitrogen. The optimum water content for the decompositionrate was 40% and 50%. It was caused by the condition that had reached atemperature about 550C. All of the composting piles in this study reached theoptimum pH which was ranged between 5.11 and 8.51. The average of the volatilesolid decomposition rate was 0,283%/day. The largest rate of the decompositionoccurs at composting pile no.1, 0,289%/day. Whereas, lignin decomposition ratewas very slow for all treatments with an average of 0,014%/day. The average ofcarbon decomposition rate in this study was 0,075%/day while the compostingpile no.4 had the biggest carbon decomposition rate which is 0,097%/day.However, the average rate of nitrogen decomposition in this study was0,003%/day. The compost in this study had physical appearance characteristicswhich were dark brown, formed crusts / soil resembles, smelled like humus, hadno unpleasant odor, and had neutral pH. All of the composting piles produced C/N(10 to 20) that suitable with SNI: 19 -7030-2004, the standard for compostquality. |
