ABSTRAK
Kebakaran hutan dan lahan telah menjadi ancaman cukup serius bagi masyarakatsecara global pada dua dekade terakhir karena kontribusinya terhadap rusaknyaekosistem, peningkatan emisi karbon, penurunan keanekaragaman hayati,gangguan kesehatan, dan kerugian ekonomi. Kalimantan merupakan daerah yangrawan terhadap bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui model identifikasi burned area yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan diKalimantan dengan menggunakan citra MODIS serta mengkaji sebaran burnedarea secara spasial (spatial distribution). Identifikasi burned area dilakukandengan menggunakan indeks vegetasi (NDVI), indeks kebakaran (NBR), dannilai reflektansi dari citra MODIS. Analisis sebaran secara spasial dilakukandengan menumpangsusunkan (overlay) antara burned area dengan variabelvariabelpenutup lahan, curah hujan, elevasi, kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, danjarak dengan permukiman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari semuamodel, model NBR memberikan tingkat akurasi paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 0,635atau 63,5%. Luas total burned area di Kalimantan pada tahun 2011 sekitar343.290 ha. Sebaran spasial burned area di Kalimantan sebagian besar beradapada suatu wilayah yang mempunyai karakteristik; (a) curah hujan bulanankurang dari 200 mm/bulan, (b) jenis tanah Tropohemists, Tropaquepts, atauQuartzipsaments, (c) penutup lahan semak/belukar, sawah, hutan, atauladang/tegalan, (d) elevasi di bawah 100 meter dpl, (e) datar dengan kemiringan 0? 3%, dan (f) relatif dekat dengan permukiman.
Abstract
Forest and land fire has been a serious threat for global communities since twolast decades because their contribution to ecosystem damages, carbon emissionincreasing, biodiversity decreasing, healthy interfering, and also economic lost.Kalimantan is the prone area of the forest and land fire. Objectives of the researchare to find out the appropriate identification model of burned area derived fromMODIS imagery and to analyze their spatial distribution. The burned areaidentification was developed by using the variabels extracted from MODISimagery such vegetation index (NDVI), burn index (NBR), and reflectance values.Then, the spatial distribution was analyzed by using overlay methods betweenburned area and variabels of rainfall, landcover, elevation, slope, soil type and thedistances from settlements. The research concludes that among several models,the NBR model show the highest accuracy, that is 63,5 %. Total of the burnedarea in Kalimantan for 2011 was about 343,290 hectares. The burned area spatialdistribution in Kalimantan mostly located on the regions which havecharacteristics; (a) rainfall less than 200 mm/month, (b) soil type of Tropohemists,Tropaquepts, or Quartzipsaments, (c) landcover of shrublands, paddy fields,forests, or croplands, (d) elevation less than 100 metres asl, (e) flat regions withslope about 0 ? 3%, and (f) relatively near from settlements. |
