ABSTRAK
Kebakaran merupakan salah satu bentuk bencana yang dapat menimbulkandampak besar kepada manusia dan lingkungan. Selain itu kebakaran tersebutdapat menyebabkan hilangnya nyawa manusia, kerugian material, kerusakandokumen, kerugian fasilitas, dan kerugian pada aset berharga lainnya. Sebagaisalah satu bandara internasional di Indonesia, Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta perlu menerapkan suatu sistem tanggap darurat yang baik untuk mencegahdan menanggulangi kejadian kebakaran yang dapat saja terjadi di area lingkunganbandara khususnya di Terminal 2, terminal dengan tingkat kepadatan penerbangandan pengunjung tertinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuidan mengembangkan program tanggap darurat kebakaran di gedung terminal 2bandara Soekarno-Hatta tahun 2012 dengan melihat pada sistem manajemen, timtanggap darurat, prosedur ERP, sistem proteksi aktif, sistem proteksi pasif,pelatihan, dan komunikasi. Hasil audit dari ketujuh variabel tersebut kemudiandibandingkan terhadap standar NFPA dan Peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku diIndonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen sudah memilikikomitmen terhadap tanggap darurat kebakaran. Bandara Soekarno-Hatta belummememiliki tim tanggap darurat atau Response team yang aktif di lapangan.Belum tersedianya prosedur evakuasi, jalur evakuasi, dan tempat berhimpun untukarea wilayah terminal 2 Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Sedangkan dari penilaian rataratadari 5 elemen sistem sarana proteksi aktif menghasilkan nilai kesesuaiansebesar 58.73%. Untuk 7 elemen sistem sarana proteksi pasif memperoleh nilaikesesuaian 64,86%. Pelatihan kebakaran yang diberikan baru terdiri daripengetahuan dasar api, pengetahuan alat pemadam api ringan portable, teoriteknik pemadaman, serta praktik penggunaan alat pemadam api ringan, Namunpelatihan mengenai P3K dan pelatihan evakuasi belum diadakan. Sedangkanuntuk item komunikasi darurat memiliki nilai kesesuaian 100% atau seluruhnyasudah sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada. Pengembangan Program dilakukan padastruktur organisasi, prosedur ERP, tanggung jawab tim ERP, jalur evakuasi,assembly point, prosedur komunikasi, dan pelatihan tanggap darurat kebakaran.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sarana, prasarana, dan elemenelementanggap darurat kebakaran pada terminal 2 Bandara Soekarno-Hatta masihperlu ditingkatkan.
Abstract
Fire is one of disaster which can cause huge impact to human andenvironment. In addition, fire can cause losses of humans, material, documents,facilities, and losses of other valuable assets. As one of international airport inIndonesia, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport needs to implement a good fireemergency response system as a prevention and mitigation against fire disasterwhich may occur in airport area, especially in Terminal 2 which has the highestdensity of flights and visitors in Indonesia. This study aims to understand anddevelop fire emergency response program for Terminal 2 Building Soekarno-Hatta International Airport 2012, based on management system, emergencyresponse team, ERP procedure, active protection systems, passive protectio nsystems, training and communication. Audit results of those 7 variables are thencompared to NFPA standard and regulations applied in Indonesia. The studyresult that the management system has a commitment to the fire emergencyresponse. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport has not active emergency responseteam in the field yet. Moreover, there are unavailability of evacuation procedure,route, and assembly point for Terminal 2 area. Whereas the assessment of theaverage of 5 active protection system elements means the suitability value of58.73%. And for 7 passive protection system elements, the suitability value is64.86%. The fire emergency training, which consists of fire basic knowledge,lightweight portable fire extinguisher knowledge, theory of fighting technique,and the practice of using lightweight extinguisher, but for first aidtraining andevacuation training has not being held. For emergency communication item, thesuitability value is 100%, which means it has met the existing regulations.Development program conducted on the organizational structure, ERP procedur,ERP team responsibilities, evacuation routes, assembly points, communicationprocedures, and emergency response training. The result of the study concludesthat the facilities, infrastructures, and emergency response elements of fire forTerminal 2 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport still needs to be improved. |
