Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pada ibu hamil di komunitas dan estimasi jumlah bayi yang mengidap HIV melalui penularan perinatal, dengan menggunakan data sekunder 11.693 ibu hamil dari program Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Yayasan Pelita Ilmu tahun 2003-2010 di delapan ibu kota provinsi di Indonesia. Diagnosis HIV ditegakkan berdasarkan test Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Prevalensi HIV dihitung dari mereka yang ikut konseling post-test dan uji Mantel Haenszel Chi square dilakukan untuk melihat kecenderungannya. Sebanyak 98% responden menyatakan keinginannya untuk tes HIV dan diberi konseling pre-test. Dari partisipan yang mendapat konseling pre-test, 95% bersedia melakukan tes HIV, dan 88% dari mereka mengikuti konseling post-test. Prevalensi HIV yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,41% dan angkanya cukup bervariasi serta cenderung meningkat dari 2003 ke 2009, dari 0,36% tahun 2003-2006, naik menjadi 0,52% tahun 2008, naik menjadi 0,54% tahun 2009, kemudian turun menjadi 0,25% tahun 2010. Diperkirakan 8.604 bayi dengan HIV lahir setiap tahun, namun apabila dilakukan program PMTCT akan dapat dicegah 8.112 bayi dengan HIV dan dihemat biaya sekitar Rp 42 miliar per-tahun. Dapat disimpulkan, prevalensi HIV pada ibu hamil dari data di komunitas antara tahun 2003-2010 masih rendah dan cukup bervariasi dalam lima waktu pengamatan. Disarankan untuk memperluas cakupan program PMTCT dan mengintegrasikannya dengan pelayanan maternal dan keluarga berencana.
This study has aims to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among pregnant women in the community and to estimate the number of babies born with HIV, using secondary data of 11.693 pregnant women from Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program conducted the Pelita Ilmu Foundation during 2003-2010 in eight provincial capitals in Indonesia. The HIV diagnosis was based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The HIV prevalence was calculated from those who participated in the post-test counseling. Mantel Haenszel Chi-square test was performed to see the trend. Of all pregnant women, 98% expressed their desire for HIV testing. The women, then, were given pre-test counseling. Of the pre-test counseled respondents, 95% were willing to do HIV test and of the HIV tested respondents 88% followed the post-test counseling to get the test result, and as much as 0.41% are HIV positive. HIV prevalence quite vary and there is an increasing trend from 2003 to 2009, from 0.36% in 2003-2006, rose to 0.52% in 2008, rose to 0.54% in 2009, then fell to 0.25% in 2010. An estimated 8.604 infants were born with HIV every year. However, if PMTCT program was implemented there will be 8.112 babies averted with HIV and will save around 42 billion rupiah per year. It is concluded that the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the community were still low and vary in five-time observations. It is recommended that the government should implement a PMTCT program and integrated it with maternal & child health and family planning program. |
