Sejak diberlakukannya liberalisasi di sektor hilir Industri Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM), jumlah operator atau pelaku usaha yang aktif melaksanakan bisnis hanya 4 (empat) yaitu Pertamina, Petronas, Shell, dan Total. Terlihat bahwa harga jual bahan bakar minyak non subsidi khususnya RON 92 dari SPBU pelaku usaha tersebut di atas ketika harga input crude oil mengalami kenaikan segera direspon namun ketika terjadi kondisi sebaliknya dimana harga input crude oil mengalami penurunan direspon lambat. Tujuan tesis ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis pergerakan harga jual BBM non subsidi RON 92 di SPBU berdasarkan teori asymmetric price transmission dengan cara membandingkan harga jual di SPBU terhadap harga input crude oil serta menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap harga jual eceran BBM non subsidi RON 92 di SPBU.Berdasarkan pengujian dan analisis data, didapatkan bahwa terdapat fenomena asymmetric price transmission pada industri BBM RON 92. Harga jual eceran BBM non subsidi RON 92 di SPBU lebih terkorelasi dalam jangka panjang dengan harga input crude oil ICP dibandingkan dengan harga input crude oil MOPS. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya fenomena asymmetic price transmission-selain harga input crude oil ICP yang berpengaruh sekitar 68.79% terhadap harga Pertamax-adalah komponen lain dalam harga impor yang membentuk total biaya aktual (landed cost) yaitu iuran-iuran pasar, ongkos pengangkutan, asuransi, aditif, kehilangan di laut, bea dan cukai, serta biaya surveyor. Kondisi ini setidaknya dapat dijelaskan oleh beberapa kondisi seperti pembelian bahan bakar minyak RON 92 pada periode sebelumnya (kontrak harga, nilai tukar, dan biaya distribusi), penetapan harga pesaing, serta struktur pasar industri bahan bakar minyak RON 92.
Since liberalization takes place in downstream fuel industries, the number of operators or business actors that actively conduct business are only 4 (four). There are Pertamina, Petronas, Shell, and Total. It appears that the selling price of non-subsidized fuel prices of RON 92 at petrol stations business actors mentioned above is when the crude oil input prices rose, the business actors quickly responded, but when it happens the opposite where the price of crude oil inputs decreased the business actors response are slow.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the movement of non-subsidized price of RON 92 fuel at the petrol stations based on the theory of asymmetric price transmission by comparing the sales price at the petrol stations to the price of crude oil input and explain the factors that influence the retail price of non-subsidized fuel RON 92 at the petrol stations.Based on the testing and analysis of the data, it was found that there is a phenomenon of asymmetric price transmission on RON 92 fuel industry. Retail price of non-subsidized RON 92 fuel at the petrol stations over the long term correlated with the price of crude oil inputs ICP compared to the price of crude oil inputs MOPS.Factors that led to the phenomenon of asymmetric price transmission-other than the price of crude oil inputs ICP that affect approximately 68.79% to the price of Pertamax-are another component in the price of imports that make up the total actual cost (landed cost). There are the market dues, freight, insurance, additive, lost at sea, customs and excise, and surveyors fees. This condition can at least be explained by a number of conditions such as purchasing fuel RON 92 in the previous period (the contract price, exchange rate, and distribution costs), competitor pricing, and industry market structure of fuel RON 92. |
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