ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas pro dan kontra sosialisasi politik pemcrintahan Husni Mubarak di al-Azhar. Penclitian ini adalah pcnclitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptifi Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua sistem pendidikan di Mesir dikontrol oleh Negara dan dijaclikan alat pelanggcngan kekuasaan pemerintahan Husni Mubarak. Sosialisasi politik Husni Mubarak dilakukan melalui kontrol terhadap kurikulum pendidikan, dan lebih khususnya lagi melalui pendidikan kewargaan (civic education) yang diajarkan satu jam dalam scminggu pada sckolah mcnengah. Tcrkait dcngan materi-materi pendidikan agama, pemerintah Husni Mubarak melalui Kementezian Pendidikan Mcsir mengontrol dan mengarahkan supaya dalam pembelajarannya berorientasi pada pcrsatuan nasional, karcna pendidikan dimasukan dalam isu keamanan nasional. Di perguruan tinggi-perguruan tinggi Mesir, pemerintah Husni Mubarak melakukan rcfrcsi akademik-dalam upaya penanaman orientasi politiknya-melalui mangan kelas, lapangan penelitian, dan sensor buku. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang tertua di Mesir, bahkan di dunia Islam, al-Azhar memiiiki peran yang signiiikan dalam kehidupan politik dan sosial masyarakat Mcsir, karcnanya ia mcnjadi suluh satu agen sosialisasi politik pemerintahan Husni Mubarak.Sosialisasi politik pemerintahan Husni Mubarak di al-Azhar mcndapat tantangan dari kelompok oposisi temtama kelompok lkhwanul Muslimn yang khawatir akan terseretnya kuiikulurn dan tekbook al-Azhar yang mcngarah kepada sekuler, dan pada akhimya akun menghilangkan indcpendensi al-Azhar schingga melemahkan otoritas keagamaan al-Azhar. Orientasi politik menjadi faktor pcnycbab pro dan kontra sosialisasi politik. Semakin al-Azhar tidak indcpcndcn akan scmakin mudah pcmerintahan Husni Mubarak untuk melakukan politisasi al- Azhar, sebaliknya semakin al-Azhar indcpcndcn akan semakin sulit pemerintah Husni Mubarak untuk mclakukan politisasi al-Azhar.Hasil pcnclitian ini mcnyarankan kcpada al-Azhar umuk memperkuat independensi al-Azhar denganmeminta dikembalikannya pengelolaan wakafsecara penuh kepada al-Azhar, scrta pemilihan Syekh al-Azhar dilakukan olch para ulama senior al-Azhar bukan sepeni saat ini yang, dipilih oleh Prcsidcn. Kcpada pemerintahan Mesir supaya mengeluarkan aturan bam yzuig mcncabut aturan launa tentang pendidikan al-Azhar lcrkuil dcngan pcmilihan Syckh al-Azhar.
ABSTRACT
his thesis will be focussed at pro`s and C0l.lI1°S of political socialization of the government of Husni Mubarak in al-Azhar. This research is qualitative rescarch with descriptive design. Research result indicates that most of all education system in Egypt controlled by State and made by appliance of continuity power of the govemment Husni Mubarak. Political socialization of llusni Mubarak govemment is done through control to education curriculum, and more specially again passed education of citizen (civic education) which one taught hour clock within a week at high school. Related to matter education of religions, the government of Husni Mubarak pass Ministry of education of Egypt control and point so that in the study orient at national association, because education is national security issue. In Egyptian universities, the govemment of Husni Mubarak repress in academic freedom-an effort cultivation of his political orientation-using classroom, research, and censorship of course books. As lslam?s most prestigious institute of teaming, al-Azhar have role which significant in life of politics and social of Egypt public, hence he become one of political socialization agent of llusni Mubarak government.Political socialization ofthe govemment of Husni Mubarak in al-Azhar get challenge from group of opposition especially group of Ikhwanul Muslimin partying to the curriculum drag of and textbook al-Azhar instructing to secular, and in the end will eliminate iudependency al-Azhar causing weaken religious authority al-Azhar. Political orientation become the cause of pro?s and coun?s of political socialization. During system govemment of authority Egypt hence al- Azhar will continuously become agent of government of political socialization. Progressively al-Azhar is not be independent would progressively easy the government of Husni Mubarak to do politicking of al-Azhar, on the contrary progressively al-Azhar is independent would progressively difficult the government of Husni Mubarak for doing politicking al-Azhar.This research result suggest to al-Azhar for strengthening independency al-Azhar by asking for to retum it the management waqf fully to al-Azhar, and also election of Syckh al-Azhar done by of seniors inoslem scholars (ultima) al-Azhar are not like in this time selected by President. The Egypt govemment so that spend new order abstracting old order conceming education. of al-Azhar related to election of Syckh al-Azhar. |
