ABSTRAK
Pneumonia adalah radang paru-para dengan diagnosa nafas ccpat dan sesak sertaadanya tarikan dinding dada bagian bawah ke daiam. Pneumonia disebabkan olehmilcroorganisme patogen (bakteri, virus, mikoplasma), aspirasi bahan atau produkberbahaya Pneumonia dipengaruhi antara lain faktor linglcungan tisik rumah dankaralcteristik anak. Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia khususnya di KotaTasikmalaya. Diperkirakan proporsi penyakit pneumonia penyebab keniatian pada bayisebesar l6,4%, sedangkan proporsi penyakit pneumonia pada balita sebesar 25%.Tujuan penelitian ini adaiah untuk mengetahui hubungan kcjadian pneumonia padabalita dengan faktor lingkungan Esik kamar tidur dan karakteristik anak.' Desain penelitian case control dengan pendekatan retrospektifl Sampel sebanyak300 responden terdiri dari 150 orang kasus dan _150 orang kontrol. Hasil analisis datadiperoleh hasil yaitu dari sepuluh variabel diteliti, yang mempunyai hubungan bermaknadengan kejadian pneumonia yaitu hanya delapan variabel terdizi dari jenis kelamin(p=0,00l;OR=2,3), status imunisasi (p=0,009;OR=1,9l), status gizi (p=0,013;OR=5,04), pembeiian ASI(p=0,028;OR=0,58), ventilasi (p=0,003;OR=0,48),pencahayaan (p=0,022,0R=0,55), kepadatan hunian (p=o,oo9;oR=o,s) dan asap obatnyamuk bakar (p=0,003; OR=2,l ). -Dari hasil uji multivariat tanpa interaksi, faktor dominan yang mempengaruhikejadian penyalcit pneumonia pada anak balita adalah status gizi dengan nilai B 1,799dan OR = 6,041 (CI 95%=l,607-22,713). Scdangkan hasil uji multivariat denganintemksi diperoleh' hasil bahwa faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadianpneumonia anak balita adalah interaksi antara asap obat nyamuk dengan status gizidengan nilai B 1,040 dan OR-2,828 (CI 95%=1,66?7-4,7988). Pada perhitunganprobabiiitas didapatkan hasii bahwa balita yang menderita pneumonia memilikiprobabililas adds 15,6 kali punya riwayat status imunisasi tidak Iengkap (DPT danCampak), status gizi kurang dan ada asap obat nyamuk bakar di dalam kamar tidurdibanding balita yang tidak menderita pneumonia Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar anak balita diimunisasi Iengkap (DPTdan Carnpak), diberi asupan makanan dengan gizi seimbang, dan tidak menggunakanobat anti nyamuk bakar di dalam kamar tidur, serta perlu disosialisasikan faktor-faktor'yang berhubungan dengan kcjadian pneumonia pada balita.
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is implementation of lengs with fast breath and short - windeddiagnosis and existence of chest wall with drawal at down part move inside. Pneumoniais caused of pathogen microorganism (bacterium, virus, rnicoplasma), materialsaspiration or dangerous product Pneumonia is aifected by the factors of house physicalenvironment and children characteristics. Pneumonia still become serious problem inIndonesia especially at T asikmalaya City. It was predicted that proportion of pneumoniadisease caused to the death of baby is l6,4%, while proportion of pneumonia desease ofchlidren imder Eve is 25%. The objective of this research was to lcnow the relationbetween pneumonia case of children under tive years with physical environment factorof badroom and child characteristic.The research design was case control design and retrospective approach. Thesamples were 300 respondents consist of 150 and 150 controls. The result of dataanalysis was got : fiom ten variables studied, the variables that have significant relationave 8 varables consisted of sex (p=0,00l,OR=2,3), immunization status (p=0,009,OR=l,9l), nutrition status (p=0,0l3,0R=5,04), giving ASI (p=0,027,0R=0,58),ventilation (p=0,022,0R=0,48), lighting (p=0,22,0R=0,55), bed room density(p=0,009,0R=0,5), smoke of medicine for fighting mosquito (p=0,003,0R=2,l). Frommultivariate test result without interaction was indicated that dominant factors whichaffected on pneumonia disease occurrence of children under live years old werenutrition status by B-value = l,799 and OR-value == 6,041 CI 95% = 1,607-22,7l3,whereas multivariate test by interaction was obtained a result that dominant factorswhich affected on pneumonia occurrence of children gander five years old wereinteraction between smoke of medicine for fighting mosquito and nutrition status by B-value = 1,040 and OR~value = 2,828 Cl 95% = 1,667-4,7988. At probability calculation,it was got the result that children under tive years old who suliered from pneumonia hadodd probability 15,6 times of having incomplete immunization status (DPT andMeasles), less nutrition statins and there were smoke of bumed mosquito repellent in the bed room compared to chlidren under tive years who suffered from pneumonia. Fromthe result ol' research, it was suggested that children under five years old should beimmunized completely (DPT and Measles immunization) it must be given thc lbodsuply with ballanced nutrient and don't use burned mosquito repellent in bad room and itneed to be sosialized the factors which have relation with pneumonia cases of childrenunder five years old.
|
T34530-Nur Widodo.pdf :: Unduh