ABSTRAK Pengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit merupakan fenomena yangkemudian lahir akibat perkembangan komersialisasi antariksa. Satelit yangditempatkan di orbit didaftarkan atas nama negara, sehingga adanya pengalihankepemilikan menyebabkan isu yurisdiksi atau pengendalian dan tanggung jawabnegara menjadi krusial untuk dibahas, mengingat intrumen hukum internasionalyang mengatur mengenai kegiatan keantariksaan lahir sebelum fenomenapengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit terjadi.Permasalahan hukum yang berkaitan dengan tanggung jawab negaradalam pengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit meliputi: bagaimana persoalanpengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit diatur dalam hukum internasional;bagaimana penerapan prinsip tanggung jawab negara dalam pengalihankepemilikan satelit di orbit; dan masalah-masalah hukum yang timbul berkenaandengan pengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit dan bagaimana carapenyelesaiannya.Guna mencari jawaban terhadap permasalahan tersebut maka dilakukanpenelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan 3 (tiga) macam pendekatan,yaitu Pendekatan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), PendekatanKonseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan Pendekatan Kasus (Case Approach).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Pertama,pengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit dimungkinkan berdasarkan ketentuanPasal II Registration Convention 1975; Kedua, penerapan tanggung jawab Negaradalam pengalihan kepemilikan satelit di orbit didasarkan pada Outer Space Treaty1967, Liability Convention 1972, dan Registration Convention 1975; dan terakhir,masalah hukum yang timbul terutama masalah pendaftaran objek antariksa dantanggung jawab negara dalam pengalihan kepemilikan khususnya jika terjadikerugian yang disebabkan oleh objek antariksa yang dialihkan.Terhadap permasalahan tersebut disarankan agar Negara yang menerimapengalihan kepemilikan setidaknya mencatat satelit tersebut dalam sistemregistrasi nasionalnya untuk dapat memperoleh status sebagai Negarapendaftaran. Khusus untuk pengalihan kepada bukan Negara peluncur yang asli,maka diperlukan suatu perjanjian khusus yang mengatur tentang pengalihanyurisdiksi dan hak pengendalian serta kewajiban atas objek antariksa. ABSTRACT Transfer of ownership of the satellite in orbit is a phenomenon that is borndue to the development of space commercialization. Satellites which placed inorbit, registered in the name of the State so that the transfer of ownership leadingto issues of jurisdiction, or control and responsibility of the State, becomes crucialto be discussed, considering the international legal instruments governing outerspace activities published before the phenomenon of transfer of ownership of thesatellite in orbit occur.Legal issues relating to state responsibility in the transfer of ownership ofthe satellite in orbit include: how issues of ownership satellites in orbit governedby international law, how the application of the principle of state responsibility inthe transfer of ownership of the satellite in orbit, and the legal issues which arisein regard to transfer of ownership of the satellite in orbit and how to solve it.In order to find answers to these problems normative research isconducted using three kinds of approaches, i.e. Statute Approach, ConceptualApproach, and Case Approach.Based on the results of this study concluded that: First, the transfer ofownership of the satellite in orbit is possible under the provisions of Article II ofthe Registration Convention 1975; Second, the implementation of Stateresponsibility in the transfer of ownership of the satellite in orbit based on theOuter Space Treaty of 1967, the Liability Convention 1972 and the RegistrationConvention 1975; and finally, the legal issues which arise mainly space objectregistration problem and state responsibility in the transfer of ownershipespecially if there is damage caused by space objects which transferred.Of these issues it is recommended that the State receiving the transfer ofownership, at least recorded the satellite in the national registration system, inorder to obtain status as a State registration. Specifically for transfer to the Stateinstead of the original launcher, it would require a special agreement governingthe transfer of jurisdiction and the rights and obligations of control over the objectspace. |