ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan tenaga ekspatriat menjadi dilema tersendiri bagi manajemen,yaitu di satu sisi sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas organisasiterutama kinerja inovasi karyawan, tetapi di sisi lain dapat menimbulkan kerugianyang besar bagi perusahaan bila mengalami kegagalan. Tesis ini bertujuan untukmembahas tentang pengaruh peran ekspatriat terhadap kinerja inovasi karyawanpada perusahaan penyedia jasa telekomunikasi seluler di Indonesia melaluimediasi alih pengetahuan, kapabilitas organisasi, dan budaya organisasi.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei.Responden yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 167 respondenberasal dari 8 perusahaan penyedia jasa telekomunikasi seluler di Indonesiadengan response rate 47%.Temuan utama penelitian adalah peran ekspatriat berpengaruh positifsecara signifikan terhadap kinerja inovasi karyawan melalui mediasi kapabilitasorganisasi. Hasil penelitian lain adalah alih pengetahuan yang terjadi secaralangsung ternyata dapat berpengaruh negatif secara signifikan terhadap kinerjainovasi. Hal ini disebabkan banyaknya alih pengetahuan yang terjadi tetapi tidakdapat diimplikasikan di perusahaan penyedia jasa telekomunikasi seluler diIndonesia. Hasil penelitian penting lainya adalah budaya yang berlaku, karenaakibat akulturasi budaya, ternyata dapat berpengaruh negatif secara signifikanterhadap kapabilitas organisasi. Hal ini disebabkan budaya yang berlakukemungkinan masih kuat dipengaruhi oleh budaya hirarki dan budaya klan yangberfokus pada perbaikan internal unit kerja, sehingga apabila berhubungan denganunit kerja lain akan menimbukan ketidakcocokan. Kemudian berdasarkan temuanpenelitian ini maka disarankan perusahaan perlu menyeleksi secara ketatpengetahuan yang akan dialihkan berdasarkan koordinasi dengan unit kerja lain;selain itu perlu dilakukan perubahan budaya yang lebih berfokus ke eksternal,lebih banyak koordinasi dan kerjasama lintas fungsional, mengurangi birokrasi,dan pemberian insentif guna mendukung kinerja inovasi karyawan; serta lebihmemanfaatkan peran ekspatriat semaksimal mungkin untuk peningkatan kinerjainovasi karyawan.
ABSTRACT
The utilization of expatriates’ role became management dilemma becauseon one side expatriates were needed to lever organization capabilities especiallyemployees’ innovation performance but on the other side the failure of expatriatescould make a huge cost for organization. The purpose of this thesis is examine theinfluence of expatriates’ role to employees’ innovation performance at thecompanies of cellular telecommunications service provider in Indonesia throughmediation of knowledge transfer, organizational capabilities, and organizationalculture. This research is quantitative research using the survey method. Theparticipants in this study were 167 selected employees including expatriates,expatriates’ subordinates, expatriates’ peers, and expatriates’ superiors from 8main companies of cellular telecommunication in Indonesia with response rate47%.The main finding of this research is the expatriates’ role significantlypositive affect employees’ innovation performance through the mediation oforganizational capabilities. The other finding is surprising that knowledge transfercould occur directly turns significantly negative impact on employees’ innovationperformance. This is due to the number of knowledge transfer that occurred butcould not be implicated in cellular telecommunications services companies inIndonesia. Another surprising result is that there are cultural influences, as a resultof acculturation, could affect negative significantly to organizational capabilities.This is due to acculturation that occurs is likely strong influenced by the culturalhierarchy and cultural clan which focus on internal improvement for internal workunit, so when dealing with other work units will have disastrous friction orincompatibility. Then from the findings of this study, there were suggested thatcompanies need to filter the knowledge which would be transferred must be basedon coordination with other related work units. Thus it was a danger impact totransfer of knowledge directly from expatriates to employees without coordinationwith other related work units. The other suggestion is the cellulartelecommunication services provider companies need to change of organizationculture over to an external focus, more coordination in multifunctional level,reduce bureaucracy, and the provision of incentives to support employees’innovation performance, as well as better utilizing of expatriates’ role as much aspossible to increase employees’ innovation performance. |
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