ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Braket ortodonti merupakan komponen penting dalam pirantiortodonti cekat karena menghantarkan gaya dari kawat ke struktur gigi dan jaringanpendukungnya sehingga terjadi pergerakkan gigi. Komposisi logam dan prosesmanufaktur braket Stainless Steel mempengaruhi sifat fisik dan mekanis, salahsatunya kekerasan dan kekuatan. Tetapi, beberapa pabrik mengurangi biaya produksidengan mengabaikan proses manufaktur yang sesuai dengan standarisasi. Hal inidapat menyebabkan deformasi slot braket khususnya saat diaplikasikan gaya torque.Deformasi slot braket dapat mengurangi besar gaya torque yang akan dihantarkan kegigi dan jaringan pendukungnya sehingga hasil perawatan tidak efektif dan efisien.Beberapa braket Stainless Steel yang beredar dipasaran masih diragukan kualitasnyadalam perawatan ortodonti.Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan besar gaya torque akibat sudut puntir 300dan 450kawat Stainless Steel serta deformasi slot permanen akibat gaya torque tersebut antarakelompok merk braket (3M, Biom, Versadent, Ormco dan Shinye).Metode Penelitiian: Lima puluh braket Stainless Steel edgewise dari 5 kelompokmerk braket (n=10) di lem ke akrilik. Masing-masing braket dilakukan pengukurantinggi slot dengan mikroskop stereoskopi, lalu diaplikasikan puntiran kawat melaluialat yang sudah dibuat pada penelitian ini sehingga diperoleh besar gaya torque.Setelah uji torque, dilakukan kembali pengukuran tinggi slot braket. Deformasi slotpemanen dihitung dari selisih dua tahapan pengukuran tinggi slot yaitu sebelum dansesudah aplikasi gaya torqueHasil: Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna besar gaya torque padasudut puntir 300 dan 450 antara Biom dan Shinye dengan Omrco. Gaya torque palingbesar yaitu pada merk braket 3M (300= 442,12 gmcm dan 450= 567,99 gmcm) ,sedangkan yang terkecil adalah Biom (300= 285,50 gmcm, 450=361,38 gmcm).Perbedaan deformasi slot braket terjadi hampir pada semua kelompok merk braket.Deformasi slot braket hanya terjadi pada merk braket Biom (2,82 µm) dan Shinye(2,52 µm).Kesimpulan: Bentuk geometri slot, komposisi, proses manufaktur braket StainlessSteel dan sudut puntir kawat mempengaruhi besar gaya torque. Komposisi AISI 303dan 17-4 PH serta proses manufaktur melalui MIM menghasilkan deformasi slotbraket yang kecil dan secara klinis tidak signifikan.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Orthodontic bracket is an important component in fixed orthodonticappliances for distributing force to the structure of the tooth and its supportingtissues, causing tooth movement. Alloy composition and manufacturing processStainless Steel bracket affects the physical and mechanical properties, one of whichhardness and strength. However, some manufacturers reduce costs at themanufacturing process in accordance with standards. This can cause deformation ofthe bracket slot especially when applied torque force. In addition, slot deformationcan reduce the torque force that will be transmitted to the tooth and its supportingtissues so that the treatment is ineffective and inefficient. Therefore, some StainlessSteel brackets quality in the market is still questionable for orthodontic treatments.Objective: To determine the deformation of the bracket slot of five brands (3M,Biom, Versadent, Ormco and Shinye) due to the force Stainless Steel wire withtorsional angle of 45° and the amount of torque force with torsional angle of 30° and45°.Methods: Fifty Stainless Steel Edgewise brackets from five bracket groups brands (n= 10) is attached onto an acrylic. Each bracket slot height was measured with amicroscope stereoscopy, then applied torsion wire through torque apparatus that hasbeen made for this study to obtain the amount of torque force. Once the torque testhas been done, then the width of bracket slot is re-measured. Deformation slotcalculated from measurements of height difference between before and after thetorque test.Results: Statistical analysis shows differences in slot bracket deformation in all groupof bracket brands. But, clinically permanent slot deformation deformation occurs onlyon Biom (2.82 µm) and Shinye (2.52 µm). Repeated measure ANOVA comparisonshowed significant differences in the amount of torque at torsion angle of 300 and 450between Biom and Shinye with Omrco. The 3M transmitted highest load (300 =442,12 gmcm and 450 = 567,99 gmcm), while the lowest is Biom (300 = 285,50gmcm and 450 = 361,38 gmcm).Conclusion: Stainless Steel bracket slot deformation is influenced by several factorsspecifically geometry bracket slot, the composition of the metal, manufacture andtorsional angle wire. Alloy composition of AISI 303 and 17-4 PH and manufacture bythe method of metal injection molding (MIM) has the smallest deformation. |
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