ABSTRAK
Sekitar 50% peresepan antibiotik tidak rasional berdasarkan data dari WHO,dimana hal ini akan menyebabkan peningkatan morbiditas, mortalitas, biayapengobatan, efek samping dan resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengevaluasi pola peresepan antibiotik dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan peresepan antibiotik yang rasional di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan kotaDepok. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang. Sampelpenelitian terdiri dari seluruh dokter, tenaga kefarmasian, resep antibiotik per oraldan Laporan Pemakaian dan Lembar Permintaan Obat (LPLPO) periode Oktober– Desember 2012. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square dan analisisregresi logistik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui pola peresepan antibiotikyang paling banyak diresepkan berdasarkan jenis antibiotik adalah amoksisilin(73,5%) dan kotrimoksazol (17,4%), berdasarkan jenis penyakit adalah faringitisakut (40,2%) dan ISPA tidak spesifik (25,4%), berdasarkan jenis kelamin pasienadalah perempuan (54,4%), dan berdasarkan usia yakni antara 19-60 tahun(45,4%). Dari 392 resep diketahui 56,1% tidak memenuhi kriteria kerasionalanperesepan antibiotik yakni dalam hal pemilihan antibiotik (22,7%), durasipemberian (72,3%), frekuensi pemberian (3,2%), durasi dan frekuensi pemberian(1,8%).Dokter yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan 2,014 kali lebih rasionaldibandingkan dengan dokter yang tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan. Dokterdengan masa kerja singkat (< 7 tahun) 3,952 kali lebih rasional dalam peresepanantibiotik dibandingkan dengan masa kerja lama (> 7 tahun). Penelitian ini jugamenunjukkan peran tenaga kefarmasian dalam peresepan antibiotik rasionalbelum bisa dilakukan karena kendala keterbatasan tenaga. Oleh karena itu perludilakukan pelatihan kepada dokter dalam upaya meningkatkan peresepanantibiotik yang rasional secara periodik dan penambahan tenaga kefarmasian agarbisa melaksanakan peran dalam peresepan antibiotik rasional.
ABSTRACT
Approximately 50% of antibiotic prescribing is categorized as irrational accordingto the data from the WHO, which will cause an increase in morbidity, mortality,cost of medication, side effects, and resistance. The aim of this study was toevaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns and factors associated with rationalantibiotic prescribing at public health care in Depok. Study design used a crosssectional method. The sample consisted of physicians, pharmacists, oral antibioticprescriptions, and LPLPO from October to December 2012. Data were analyzedby chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Based on the results ofanalysis, the most widely prescribed antibiotic pattern based on type of antibioticwere amoxicillin (73.5%) and cotrimoxazole (17.4%), based on the type ofdisease were acute pharyngitis (40.2%) and non-specific respiratory infection(25.4%), based on the patient's gender was female (54.4%), and based on the agewas between 19-60 years (45.4%). About 56.1% of 392 prescriptions was foundnot to meet the criteria for rational antibiotic prescribing in the case of antibioticselection (22.7%), duration of administration (72.3%), frequency ofadministration (3.2%), duration and frequency of administration (1.8%).Physicians who had attended training for rational drug use was 2,014 times morerational than physicians who had never attended training. Physicians with shortworking period (<7 years) was 3,952 times more rational in prescribing ofantibiotics compared to physicians with a longer working period (> 7 years). Thisstudy also indicated that the role of pharmacist in rational antibiotic prescribingcould not be implemented due to the lack of pharmacist staff. Therefore,periodically training is necessary for physicians in an effort to improve a rationalantibiotic prescribing in public health care. Additional staff of pharmacist in orderto carry out their role in rational antibiotic prescribing is also needed. |
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