ABSTRAK
Tesis ini menjelaskan proses konstruksi dan kontestasi identitas orang Cina Benteng danhubungannya dengan gagasan mengenai kewarganegaraan di Indonesia. Konstruksi identitasorang Cina di Indonesia yang dibentuk berdasarkan ide-ide mengenai sejarah, asal-usul dan nasibterus bertransformasi dan berkontestasi dalam setiap masa pemerintahan di Indonesia. Adanyapembedaan perlakuan bersifat eksklusif terhadap orang Cina di Indonesia, yang berlangsungsejak zaman kolonial, menimbulkan dikotomi Non-Pribumi dan Pribumi. Orang Cina sebagaiNon-Pribumi dianggap sebagai orang asing, suku pendatang, dan makhluk asing (aliens)sehingga diragukan identitas keindonesiaannya. Akibat dari dikotomi ini ternyata memilikidampak negatif hingga saat ini bagi orang Cina di Indonesia untuk berintegrasi maupunberasimilasi dengan orang Indonesia, mereka masih dianggap sebagai bukan bagian dariIndonesia, kelompok minoritas dan masih dianggap sebagai orang asing di Indonesia. Begitupunbagi orang-orang keturunan Cina yang sudah tinggal bergenerasi di Indonesia, khususnya orangCina Benteng di Tangerang.Identitas orang Cina Benteng yang berbeda--yang dibentuk berdasarkan ide-ide mengenaisejarah, asal-usul dan nasib itu—membuat mereka terus menghadapi berbagai kasusdiskriminasi. Kasus-kasus tersebut merupakan contoh kendala negara dalam mengelolakeberagaman identitas, baik yang berdasarkan kelompok etnis, suku bangsa, agama, maupunkelompok lain yang ada dalam masyarakat. Konsepsi kewarganegaraan yang dianut negaraIndonesia masih belum mampu mengakomodasi secara adil keberadaan orang Cina Benteng diIndonesia. Saat ini masih tersisakan banyak permasalahan diskriminasi rasial, antara lain dalamhal pengakuan status kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia mereka dan permasalahan sebagianetnis cina yang tanpa kewarganegaraan. Sebagai konsekuensi situasi tersebut maka merekamengalami kesulitan mendapatkan hak politik, sosial dan budaya-nya sebagai warganegaraIndonesia.Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatifdan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis untuk menganalisis data-data yang diperoleh dilapangan. Adapun teknik Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui studipustaka, pengumpulan dokumen serta wawancara mendalam sehingga dapat menjelaskan proseskonstruksi dan kontestasi identitas orang Cina Benteng dan hubungannya dengan isukewarganegaraan di Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
This thesis explains the process of identity construction and its contestation upon theCina Benteng community and their relationships with the concept of citizenship in Indonesia.The identity of Chinese people in Indonesia is constructed around the idea of history, origin andfate, which are continuously transforming and contending in every era of Indonesianadministration. The preferential treatment applied to the Chinese-decent people in Indonesia,which has been going on since the colonial era, has produced a dichotomy of the Non-Pribumi(immigrant decent) and Pribumi (literally means son of the soil, the native of Indonesia). Theethnic Chinese as the Non-Pribumi is considered as foreigners, immigrants and aliens thatbrought about their identity as an Indonesian being questioned. This dichotomy resulted innegative impacts that still affect the Chinese-Indonesian in integrating and assimilating with theIndonesian until recently. They are still considered as a different part of Indonesia, as minoritygroups and foreigners. These are what happen to the Chinese-decent population who has beenliving for generations in Indonesia, especially the Cina Benteng community in Tangerang.The distinct identity of the Cina Benteng community – that has been formed around theidea of history, origin and fate– made them continuously facing several cases of discriminations.Cases experienced by the Cina Benteng community are the very examples of obstacles that thisnation faces in managing the pluralism of identities, whether based on ethnic groups, races,religions or other groups that are present in the society. The concept of citizenship being adoptedby the state of Indonesia cannot accommodate equally the existence of the Cina Bentengcommunity in the country, yet. Currently, there are many racial discrimination problems left,such as the lack of legal recognition of the Cina Benteng community as Indonesian citizens, orworse, a number of ethnic Chinese who still have no citizenship. This situation causes them tolive with difficulties in requiring political, social and cultural rights as Indonesian citizens.The approach used in this research is a qualitative one, combined with descriptiveanalyticsmethods to analyze data acquired from the fields. Data gathering technique used in thisresearch is through literature study, document gathering and in-depth interviews as to be able toexplain the process of identity construction and its contestation among the Cina Bentengcommunity and their relations with citizenship issues in Indonesia. |
T35616-Yudhanty Parama Sany.pdf :: Unduh