ABSTRAK
Produk perikanan yang bermutu rendah dan kurang terjamin keamanannyaakan berakibat pada tidak tercapainya misi pembangunan kelautan dan perikanandalam meningkatkan kecerdasan dan kesehatan masyarakat melalui konsumsiikan. Hal ini dikarenakan produk perikanan terkandung bahan tambahan makanan(BTM) terlarang dan tidak aman dikonsumsi, sehingga akan memengaruhikesehatan (efek akut dan kronis) bahkan mengakibatkan kematian bagi konsumen.Tujuan penelitian untuk (1) Mengetahui kandungan BTM terlatang pada ikansegar dan produk olahan di PPN Palabuhanratu; (2) Mengetahui aspek sosialbudaya meliputi hubungan karakteristik, persepsi dan sikap pengolah ikan,nelayan dan konsumen mengenai BTM terlarang; dan (3) Mengetahui aspekkelembagaan meliputi identifikasi regulasi dan kebijakan keamanan panganproduk hasil perikanan.Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari hingga April 2013 di PPNPalabuhanratu, Sukabumi terhadap produk ikan segar dan ikan olahan (ikanasin/kering, ikan pindang, kerupuk ikan, bakso ikan dan terasi). Metodepengambilan sampel untuk pengolah/pedagang dan nelayan dilakukan secaraproportionate stratified random sampling masing-masing berjumlah 76 sampelpengolah ikan dan 169 sampel nelayan. Adapun teknik pengambilan sampelkonsumen menggunakan metode sampling yang secara kebetulan dijumpaisebanyak 100 sampel. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesionerterdiri dari pertanyaan tentang persepsi, sikap dan aspek teknis unit pengolahanikan di Palabuhanratu.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan BTM terlarang padaproduk hasil perikanan di PPN Palabuhanratu sangat signifikan terhadap jenisproduk olahan. Kandungan boraks 100% negatif, formalin 58,5% positif,Hidrogen peroksida 84,0% positif serta rhodamin B pada terasi 66,7% positif.Persepsi pengolah/pedagang ikan terhadap keamanan produk hasil perikanancukup baik” (55,12%), akan tetapi sikap terhadap keamanan produk hasilperikanan “sangat baik” (91,67%) dan persepsi terhadap upaya pemerintah juga“baik” (61,23%). Selanjutnya persepsi nelayan “cukup baik” (50,82%), adapunsikap nelayan “sangat baik” (98,07%) dan persepsi terhadap upaya pemerintah“cukup baik” (53,89%). Berikutnya persepsi konsumen “cukup baik” (55,61%),sikap konsumen “sangat baik” (99,0%), dan persepsi terhadap upaya pemerintahpada keamanan dan mutu hasil perikanan “baik” (61,37%). Selanjutnya regulasitentang keamanan produk hasil perikanan yang intinya dibuat untuk melindungikonsumen jenis BTM terlarang sesuai dengan upaya pemerintah, khususnya DinasKelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sukabumi dan PPN Palabuhanratu, dalammelaksanakan kebijakan keamanan produk hasil perikanan sudah baik, akan tetapidalam pengawasan dan monitoringnya belum terealisasi secara berkala danberkesinambungan.
ABSTRACT
Low quality dan safety fishery products will result in failure to achieve themission on marine and fisheries development to increase the society intelligenceand healthy through fish consumption.The objectives of the research were: (1) To understand content of illegalfood additives on fresh fish and processed product in Palabuhanratu; (2) Tounderstand social aspects on the relationship of characteristics, perception andattitude of the fish processors, fishermen, and consumers on those illegal foodadditives, and (3) To understand institutional aspects on regulation identificationand food safety policy of fishery products.The research was carried out on January-April 2013 in PelabuhanPerikanan Nusantara Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi. The products tested were freshfish and processed products (salted/dried fish, boiled fish, fish crackers, fish balland belachan). Sampling method for processors/traders and fishermen was carriedout by proportionate stratified random sampling, 76 samples and 169 samplesrespectively. Consumers sampling technique was carried out by random samplingof 100 samples. The method for collecting data was carried out by quesionerrelated to perception, attitude and technical aspects of the establishment in diPalabuhanratu. The data was analyzed descriptively and laboratory tested.The results of the research showed the difference of additives chemicalcontent on fishery products in PPN Palabuhanratu were very significant to thetype of products. Borax content 100% negative, formalin 58,5% positive.Hydrogen peroxide 84,0% positive, rhodamine B on belachan 66,7% positive.Processors/traders perception on food safety of fishery products were goodenough (55.12%), attitude on safety of fishery products were very good (91.67%),and perception on government effort were good (61.23%). Then fishermenperception were good enough (50.82%), fishremen attitude were very good(98.07%), and perception on government effort were good enough (53.89%).Further that consumers perception were good enough (55.61%), consumersattitude were very good (99,0%), and perception on government effort to qualityand safety of fishery products were good (61.73%). The regulation related tosafety of fishery products to protect consumers on illegal additives as thegovernment effort, especially for Marine and Fisheries service of Sukabumi andPPN Palabuhanratu, has been implemented well, nevertheless for controlling andmonitoring periodically and continously has not been implemented yet. |
T35657-Rachmat Fadillah.pdf :: Unduh