ABSTRAK
Perseroan terbuka mempunyai sistem manajemen yang berbeda denganperseroan tertutup. Dalam perseroan terbuka harus terdapat transparansi yangdapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada publik, mengingat banyaknya pemegangsaham publik. Pemegang saham dalam suatu perseroan dapat terdiri daripemegang saham minoritas dan pemegang saham mayoritas. Hal tersebut dapatdibedakan dari jumlah kepemilikan saham dalam suatu perseroan. Dikarenakanpemegang saham minoritas memiliki persentase kepemilikan saham yang lebihkecil dibandingkan dengan pemegang saham mayoritas, maka seringkalidirugikan atau ada ketidakpuasan terhadap keputusan-keputusan yang diambiloleh manajemen perseroan. Terlebih apabila manajemen perseroan didominasioleh pemegang saham mayoritas, sehingga keputusan terkait perseroan yangdiambil cenderung mewakili kepentingan pemegang saham mayoritas. Bahkanpada saat pengambilan keputusan melalui Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham(“RUPS”), maka pemegang saham minoritas akan mengikuti keputusan (daripemegang saham mayoritas/melalui) RUPS. Bertitik tolak dari permasalahantersebut di atas, maka masalah-masalah yang timbul sebagai berikut: pertama,bagaimana hak pemegang saham publik yang mengalami kerugian dalamperseroan terbuka karena nilai saham menurun yang disebabkan oleh tindakanpemegang saham mayoritas, kelalaian anggota direksi ataupun dewan komisaris;kedua, kesulitan apa yang dihadapi oleh pemegang saham minoritas dalammenuntut hak-haknya; ketiga, bagaimana hak anggota direksi untuk melakukanpembelaan terhadap setiap gugatan pemegang saham; keempat, apakah pemegangsaham minoritas sudah cukup mendapat perlindungan hukum. Dari penelitiankepustakaan yang menggunakan metode atau bersifat yuridis normatif denganmetode pengumpulan data kepustakaan, hasil penelitian menemukan jawabanbahwa pemegang saham publik yang dirugikan dapat mengajukan gugatanderivatif, yaitu menggugat direksi atau dewan komisaris atas nama perseroanapabila mewakili minimum 1/10 dari jumlah seluruh saham perseroan, dan direksisebagai pengelola perseroan dapat melakukan pembelaan atas adanya gugatanyang timbul dengan menggunakan prinsip Business Judgement Rule. Namundemikian, pemegang saham minoritas dalam perseroan terbuka belum cukupmendapat perlindungan hukum karena masih terdapat kesulitan dalampembuktian. Disarankan agar prinsip keterbukaan perlu dimiliki dan diterapkandalam perseroan terbuka serta otoritas lembaga, khususnya Otoritas JasaKeuangan dan Bursa Efek Indonesia memainkan peran sentral dalam melindungikepentingan pemegang saham dengan membuat peraturan-peraturan yangmeningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan perseroan publik.
ABSTRACT
A public company has a different system of management as opposed to aclosed company. A public company is required to implement transparencyaccountable to the public, considering the huge number of the public investors.The shareholders in a company may distinct into minority shareholders andmajority shareholders. That differentiation may be based on the portion of theshares ownership in the company. Due to the portion of the minority shareholdershold the shares in less number than the majority shareholders, often they aredamaged or not satisfied by way the decision are made by the management of thecompany. This is based on the fact that the management of the company isdominated by the majority shareholders, thus corporate decision is taken for thebenefit and interest of the majority shareholders. Even at the voting at the GeneralMeeting of Shareholders, the minority shareholders shall follow the decisionmade by the majority shareholders. In the view of that, the issues are as follows:firstly, what are the rights of the public shareholders that incurred loss in a publiccompany due to the value of the shares collapse as a result of the majorityshareholders action, including the negligence of the Board of Directors membersor even the Board of Commissioners members; secondly, what are the obstaclesfaced by the minority shareholders in the pursue for their rights; thirdly, what arethe rights of the Board of Directors to defend itself against any claims of theshareholders; fourthly, are there adequate legal protection to the minorityshareholders. Through literature data collating based on legal normative form byusing library research methods it has summarized several answers, among othersare that public shareholders who experience damages may use derivative action toclaim on behalf of the company if the shareholders as the claimant represent alltogether minimum 10% voting rights of the entire shares issued by the company,and the Board of Directors may use the principle of Business Judgment Rule todefend itself of any claim raised against it. However, the minority shareholders ina public company are not adequately legally protected due to the obstacle in theimplementation considering most of the claims must be proven. It is advisable thatthe transparency principle must be uphold and implemented in a public companyand the related authorities, mainly Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Financial ServicesAuthority) and the Stock Exhance of Indonesia has a central role in the protectionof the shareholders interest in the capital market by issuing provisions to enhancethe transparency and accountability practice in the management of a publiccompany. |
T38764-Yulean.pdf :: Unduh