Konflik manusia-satwa liar merupakan salah satu tantangan terbesar dalam upaya konservasi. Konflik manusia-biawak komodo telah dilaporkan, tetapi belum terdapat data ilmiah yang komprehensif mengenai konflik yang terjadi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Komodo, Taman Nasional Komodo, pada bulan Maret 2014 untuk melihat distribusi konflik manusia-biawak komodo di berbagai tipe habitat (hutan, kebun, desa, dan savana). Sebanyak 150 responden telah diwawancarai dan lokasi konflik manusia-biawak komodo yang telah dilaporkan dicatat titik koordinatnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 405 serangan terhadap hewan ternak, 6 serangan terhadap manusia, dan 154 kejadian pengusiran terhadap biawak komodo berdasarkan pengalaman responden. Konflik manusia biawak komodo terjadi di empat tipe habitat dengan jumlah konflik terbesar terjadi di tipe habitat desa dan savana. Konflik terdistribusi di sepanjang perbatasan tipe habitat desa dan savana. Pola distribusi didukung oleh nilai rerata jarak antara lokasi konflik dan perbatasan habitat (serangan terhadap hewan ternak dan pengusiran) di desa dan savanna yang lebih kecil dibandingkan di hutan dan kebun (Uji Kruskal-Wallis, p-value < 2,2 x 10-16, α = 0,05). Terdapat korelasi positif di antara jumlah keberadaan biawak komodo dengan jumlah kejadian pengusiran biawak komodo (Uji korelasi Pearson, p-value < 2,2 x 10-16, α = 0,05). Empat area pusat konflik telah berhasil diidentifikasi melalui penggabungan peta distribusi konflik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, direkomendasikan tindakan pencegahan dan penanggulangan konflik untuk mengurangi konflik manusia-biawak komodo ke depannya.
Human-wildlife conflict has become one of the biggest challenges in conservation. Human-komodo dragon conflict has been reported, but no scientific publication has yet available. A research on the distribution and spatial pattern of humankomodo dragon conflict were conducted in Komodo village of Komodo National Park, Southeastern of Indonesia. Interview to 150 respondents were conducted and the coordinate of human-komodo dragon conflict locations were recorded. Based on the interview, 150 respondents reported that 405 livestock predations, 6 komodo attacks on human, and 154 Komodo expulsions by human occurred in the village. Human-komodo dragon conflicts were distributed across four habitat types,where most of the conflicts occured along the boundary between village and savannah. The mean distance between conflicts (livestock predation and komodo dragon expulsion) and habitat boundary were significantly lower in village and savannah compared to forest and plantation (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, pcalue < p-value < 2,2 x 10-16, α = 0,05). There was a significant correlation between the intensity of komodo dragon occurence and komodo dragon expulsion conflict (Pearson correlation test, p-value < 2,2 x 10-16, α = 0,05). Four conflict hotpots were identified by overlapping conflict distribution maps. The study recommended conflict mitigation and management program to reduce humankomodo dragon conflicts in the future. |
S55803-Ardiantiono.pdf :: Unduh