[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini mengevaluasi perilaku 491 kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia dalammengalokasikan pengeluaran pemerintah di bidang pendidikan. Variabeleksogen dikelompokkan dalam empat kategori yang meliputi demografi,ekonomi, geografi, dan politik. Hubungan antarwilayah secara eksplisitdiintegrasikan dalam analisis dengan menggunakan model Maximum Likelihood(ML) dan Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS). Hasil analisamenunjukkan bahwa model Spatial Durbin (SDM) lebih tepat dalam menjelaskanperilaku pemerintah kabupaten/ kota. Pengeluaran pemerintah dalam bidangpendidikan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh variable-variabel eksogennya sendirinamun juga dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel eksogen dan endogen darikabupaten/ kota di sekitarnya. Hasil ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa limpasan(spillover) hipotesis terjadi di tingkat kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia.Keywords : Perilaku pemerintah, pengeluaran pendidikan, ketergantunganantarwilayahJEL Codes : C21, H75, I22.
ABSTRACT
This study investigates 491 Indonesia?s state level behavior in educationspending formulation. Four groups of variables, namely demographic,economic, geographic and politic, are introduced. Spatial interactioneffect is embedded into the model by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) andGeneralized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS) estimation. The resultreveals that Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is better in representing state?sbehavior. State?s education spending decision is not only determined by its ownexogenous variables but also its neighbors? decision through an endogenous andan exogenous interaction effect. The result also confirms the existence of spilloverhypothesis in Indonesia?s state level.Keywords : Government behavior, education spending, spatial dependency,state levelJEL Codes : C21, H75, I22;his study investigates 491 Indonesia’s state level behavior in educationspending formulation. Four groups of variables, namely demographic,economic, geographic and politic, are introduced. Spatial interactioneffect is embedded into the model by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) andGeneralized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS) estimation. The resultreveals that Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is better in representing state’sbehavior. State’s education spending decision is not only determined by its ownexogenous variables but also its neighbors’ decision through an endogenous andan exogenous interaction effect. The result also confirms the existence of spilloverhypothesis in Indonesia’s state level.Keywords : Government behavior, education spending, spatial dependency,state levelJEL Codes : C21, H75, I22, his study investigates 491 Indonesia’s state level behavior in educationspending formulation. Four groups of variables, namely demographic,economic, geographic and politic, are introduced. Spatial interactioneffect is embedded into the model by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) andGeneralized Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (GS2SLS) estimation. The resultreveals that Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is better in representing state’sbehavior. State’s education spending decision is not only determined by its ownexogenous variables but also its neighbors’ decision through an endogenous andan exogenous interaction effect. The result also confirms the existence of spilloverhypothesis in Indonesia’s state level.Keywords : Government behavior, education spending, spatial dependency,state levelJEL Codes : C21, H75, I22] |
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