[ABSTRAK
Teknologi fuel cell (selbahanbakar) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang menggunakan bahan bakar dari energi baru terbarukanya itu hidrogen. Teknologi ini dianggap bersih dan ramah lingkungan. Efisiensi konversi yang tinggi danemisi polutannya sangat rendah sehingga dampak lingkungan yang rendah juga membuatnya menjadi kandidat yang tepat untuk menggantikan teknologi konvensional ada. Aplikasidariteknologi fuel cell, antara lain untuk transportasi/ otomotif, pembangkitlistrikstasionerdan fuel cell portabel.Untuk teknologi fuel cell jenis proton exchange membrane (PEM) sebagai pembangkit listrik, khususnya di Indonesia masih belum berkembang.Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis tekno ekonomi dari pembangkit listrik fuel cell jenis PEM dengan melihat karakteristik kerja dan efisiensi sistem, khususnya peralatan disisi keluaran seperti konverter dan inverter terhadap beban rumah tangga(beban yang dipakai lampu) dari beberapa profil beban seperti profilbeban statis dan fluktuatif. Hasil uji kinerja sistem pembangkit listrik fuel cell memperlihatkankarakteristik dari fuel cell, yang berupa kurva polarisasi perubahan tegangan terhadap perubahan arus beban.Dari Kurva polarisasi V-I didapatkan nilaipolarisasi aktivasi (α) pada saat pembebanan fluktuatif lebih besar dibandingkan pada saat pembebanan statis, sedangkan nilai polarisasi ohmic (r) pada saatpembebanan fluktuatif lebih kecil dibandingkan pada saat pembebanan statis. Hal ini memperlihatkan proporsi energi listrik yang timbul saat perubahan laju reaksipada pembebanan fluktuatif lebih besar dibandingkan pada pembebanan statis. Sehingga reaksi yang terjadi lebih cepat dan mengakibatkan tegangan akan lebihcepat turun. Dari segi keekonomian biaya energi pembangkit listrik fuel cell jenis PEM untuk kapasitas 500W dan 2 kW masih cukup besar yaitu Rp/kWh10.117,2dan Rp/kWh 5.330,4. Tetapi untuk kapasitas 5kW ternyata jauh lebih rendah yaitu sebesar Rp/kWh3.048,7. Hal ini di karenakan selain biaya investasi yangmenjadilebihkecil,biaya bahan bakar juga menjadi lebih kecil. Biaya bahan bakar bisa jauh lebih murah dikarenakan konsumsi gas hidrogen berdasarkan arus beban yang dipakai pada kapasitas 5kW hanya dua kali lipat jumlahnya dibandingkan kapasitas 500W, sedangkanproduksi listrik yang dihasilkan sepuluh kali lipat.
ABSTRACT
Fuel cell technology utilizes fuels from renewable sources i.e. hydrogen. Therefore, this technology is considered clean and environmentally friendly. Highconversion efficiency with very low pollutant emission makes this technology a favorable candidate to substitute the existing conventional energy conversiontechnology. Applications of fuel cell technology include power for transportation/automotive, stationary fuel cell, and portable fuel cell. PEM type fuel cell technology as a power generation has not been developed in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze techno-economic of the PEM fuel cell technology by examining its operation characteristics and system efficiency particularly conversion equipment at output side such as converter and inverter for household load (lighting) at various load profile i.e, static and fluctuated loads. Performance analysis that is presented in V-I polarization curve shows the fuel cells? characteristics. From this curve, polarization activation value (α) at fluctuated loads is higher than that of static loads, whereas polarization ohmvalue (r) is lower at static loads than fluctuated loads. This result demonstrates electricity produced at fluctuated loads is higher compared to that at static load. Consequently, chemical reactions are faster that affect voltage to drop faster. Cost of energy for PEM fuel cell is still considerably high for 500 W and 2 kWthat are Rp/kWh10.117,2 and Rp/kWh 5.330,4. While for 5 kW fuel cell system, COE is far lower that is Rp/kWh3.048,7. This is due to cost of investment andfuels decrease significantly. Cost of fuel can be reduced substantially because oxygen consumption at a 5 kW fuel cell system is only double than that of the 500W system, whereas electicity production is 10 times higher;Fuel cell technology utilizes fuels from renewable sources i.e. hydrogen. Therefore, this technology is considered clean and environmentally friendly. Highconversion efficiency with very low pollutant emission makes this technology a favorable candidate to substitute the existing conventional energy conversiontechnology. Applications of fuel cell technology include power for transportation/automotive, stationary fuel cell, and portable fuel cell. PEM type fuel cell technology as a power generation has not been developed in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze techno-economic of the PEM fuel cell technology by examining its operation characteristics and system efficiency particularly conversion equipment at output side such as converter and inverter for household load (lighting) at various load profile i.e, static and fluctuated loads. Performance analysis that is presented in V-I polarization curve shows the fuel cells’ characteristics. From this curve, polarization activation value (α) at fluctuated loads is higher than that of static loads, whereas polarization ohmvalue (r) is lower at static loads than fluctuated loads. This result demonstrates electricity produced at fluctuated loads is higher compared to that at static load. Consequently, chemical reactions are faster that affect voltage to drop faster. Cost of energy for PEM fuel cell is still considerably high for 500 W and 2 kWthat are Rp/kWh10.117,2 and Rp/kWh 5.330,4. While for 5 kW fuel cell system, COE is far lower that is Rp/kWh3.048,7. This is due to cost of investment andfuels decrease significantly. Cost of fuel can be reduced substantially because oxygen consumption at a 5 kW fuel cell system is only double than that of the 500W system, whereas electicity production is 10 times higher, Fuel cell technology utilizes fuels from renewable sources i.e. hydrogen. Therefore, this technology is considered clean and environmentally friendly. Highconversion efficiency with very low pollutant emission makes this technology a favorable candidate to substitute the existing conventional energy conversiontechnology. Applications of fuel cell technology include power for transportation/automotive, stationary fuel cell, and portable fuel cell. PEM type fuel cell technology as a power generation has not been developed in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze techno-economic of the PEM fuel cell technology by examining its operation characteristics and system efficiency particularly conversion equipment at output side such as converter and inverter for household load (lighting) at various load profile i.e, static and fluctuated loads. Performance analysis that is presented in V-I polarization curve shows the fuel cells’ characteristics. From this curve, polarization activation value (α) at fluctuated loads is higher than that of static loads, whereas polarization ohmvalue (r) is lower at static loads than fluctuated loads. This result demonstrates electricity produced at fluctuated loads is higher compared to that at static load. Consequently, chemical reactions are faster that affect voltage to drop faster. Cost of energy for PEM fuel cell is still considerably high for 500 W and 2 kWthat are Rp/kWh10.117,2 and Rp/kWh 5.330,4. While for 5 kW fuel cell system, COE is far lower that is Rp/kWh3.048,7. This is due to cost of investment andfuels decrease significantly. Cost of fuel can be reduced substantially because oxygen consumption at a 5 kW fuel cell system is only double than that of the 500W system, whereas electicity production is 10 times higher] |
T42385-Harun Al Rasyid.pdf :: Unduh