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[Suatu pranata sosial-budaya yang berlaku dalam suatu kempok/komunita tidak hanya merupakan warisan/tradisi masa lalu yang dipertahankan oleh anggota kelompok/komunitas tersebut untuk tujuan/maksud tertentu, tetapi juga merupakan sesuatu yang baru hasil reka cipta individu-individu yang bertindak sebagai agen. Disertasi ini menyajikan fenomena signifikansi peran agen dalam proses produksi dan reproduksi suatu pranata sosial-budaya beserta interakasinya. Secara lebih khusus disertasi ini membahas peran agen dalam memproduksi suatu pranata sosial-budaya yang semula tidak terwujud, serta perubahan dan penumbuhkembangannya dalam konteks adanya minat, interpretasi, kontestasi, kesamaan, dan kesepakatan dari pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan atas pranata sosial-budaya tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan prosesual dan disajikan dalam bentuk etnografi, disertasi ini mengulas keagenan individu-individu dalam produksi dan reproduksi pranata pelepasliaran orangutan di Suaka Margasatwa Lamandau (Lamandau) Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah pada periode tahun 2008—2012.Kisah-kisah pelepasliaran orangutan di Lamandau menunjukkan bahwa terbentuknya pranata sosial dalam suatu komunitas/kelompok sosial merupakan hasil karya agen yang secara aktif daan kreatif berusaha, berstrategi untuk mewujudkan cita-cita/harapan dan keinginannya itu. Untuk mewujudkannya sang agen melakukan sejumlah cara, usaha dan strategi termasuk berkolaborasi di antara para pihak yang saling berinteraksi itu. Pranata sosial-budaya yang terbentuk tidak hanya merupakan wujud kesepakatan di antara para pihak yang berinteraksi, tetapi juga meripakan hasil respon terhadap minat dan kepentingan pihak lain, serta interpretasi oleh individu-individu atas aturan yang telah diciptakan sebelumnya.Atas dasar kesepakatan, penyesuaian, dan interpretasi tercipta seperangkat aturan (rule in use) yang mengatur hal-hal yang boleh, tidak boleh, yang seharusnya, atau yang sebaiknya tidak dilakukan oleh setiap individu yang bersama-sama atau saling berinteraksi melaksanakan suatu kegiatan. Sebuah kesepakatan di antara para agen/aktor atas suatu sumberdaya dapat tercipta sesuai dengan rasionalitas dan interpretasi masing-masing. Oleh karena itu berlakunya suatu pranata sosial-budaya dalam suatu kelompok sosial/komunitas bersifat transaksional di antara para pihak (agen/aktor) yang berkepentingan terhadap suatu sumberdaya tersebut.Penemuan dan penciptaan merupakan proses sosial yang dilakukan setiap hari dalam beragam peristiwa. Melalui beragam interaksi sosial penciptaan itu muncul. Di tangan sang agen penciptaan-penciptaan tersebut kemudian dikembangkan menjadi nilai, aturan untuk mengordikasikan suatu kegiatan, sehingga menjadi bagian dari panata sosial-budaya di kelompok masyarakat/komunitas itu. Interaksi sosial berupa: negosiasi, akomodasi, perbedaan pendapat, dan relasi kekuasaan antaragen merupakan hal-hal universal yang biasa terjadi dalam suatu kelompok sosial/komunitas. Dengan cara-cara tersebut suatu pranata sosial-budaya terus diperbarui sehingga dapat diterima dan dapat menjadi acuan bersama dalam bertindak. Dengan demikian suatu pranata sosial bersifat dinamis. Meskipun suatau pranata sosial-budaya bersifat dinamis, upaya penatamantaban suatu pranta sosial dapat dilakukan. Penatamantaban suatu pranata sosial-budaya dalam suatu kelompok sosial/komunitas terjadi karena adanya mekanisme berbagi (share), dan transfer pengetahuan, keterampilan, atau kebiasaan dari anggota kelompok/komunitas lama terhadap anggota baru. Melalui mekanisme berbagi dan transfer tersebut seperangkat aturan tetap terpelihara/mantab;A socio-cultural institution which prevailed in a group/community was not only a legacy/tradition of the past sustained by members of the group/community for particular purpose and goals, but also something new resulted from a creative action of individuals acting as agents. This dissertation presents a phenomenon of agents role significance in the production and reproduction process of a socio-cultural institution and their interactions. This dissertation in particularly discusses the role of agents in producing a socio-cultural institution which initially was not consummated and the change as well as its development in the context of the presence of interest, interpretation, dispute, similarity, and an agreement of parties concerned over the socio-cultural institution. By using procession approach and was presented in the form of Ethnography, this dissertation analyzes the agency of individuals in the production and reproduction of orangutans release regulation at Suaka Margasatwa of Lamandau (Lamandau Wildlife Reserve), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan in the period of 2008-2012.The stories of orangutans release at the Lamandau showed that the formation of the social institution in a community/social group was the result of agents work actively and creatively endeavor in order to realize their goals, expectations and desires by conducting a number of ways, efforts, and strategies among others collaboration among the parties which interact. The socio-cultural institution was not only a form of agreement among the parties which interact, but also the result of the response to the interests of other parties, as well as the interpretation by individuals over the rules that have been created previously.On the basis of an agreement, adjustment and interpretation, it was created a set of rules (rule in use) that regulated matters that may, not allowed to, should be, or should not be done by any individuals mutually interacting to carry out an activity. An agreement among the agents/actors of a resource could be created in accordance with the rationality and interpretation respectively. Hence the socio-cultural institution prevailed in a social group /community was transactional relation among the parties (agents/actors) which interest over resources.The discovery and the creation are any social processes undertaken daily in a wide array of events through diverse social interaction. In the hands of agents, the creation was then developed into the creation of values and rules to coordinate an activity and to become part of socio-cultural institution in the groups/communities. Social interactions such as negotiation, accommodation, dissent, and the relations of power between agents are universal things that usually occur in a social group/community. By such means, the socio-cultural institution was continually updated so that it could be accepted and could become a common reference. Thus socio-cultural institution has dynamic characteristic. Nevertheless, stabilization efforts of socio-cultural institution in a social group/community could be implemented through the mechanism of share and the transfer of knowledge, skills, or habits from the old members of the group/community towards the new members;A socio-cultural institution which prevailed in a group/community was not only a legacy/tradition of the past sustained by members of the group/community for particular purpose and goals, but also something new resulted from a creative action of individuals acting as agents. This dissertation presents a phenomenon of agents role significance in the production and reproduction process of a socio-cultural institution and their interactions. This dissertation in particularly discusses the role of agents in producing a socio-cultural institution which initially was not consummated and the change as well as its development in the context of the presence of interest, interpretation, dispute, similarity, and an agreement of parties concerned over the socio-cultural institution. By using procession approach and was presented in the form of Ethnography, this dissertation analyzes the agency of individuals in the production and reproduction of orangutans release regulation at Suaka Margasatwa of Lamandau (Lamandau Wildlife Reserve), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan in the period of 2008-2012.The stories of orangutans release at the Lamandau showed that the formation of the social institution in a community/social group was the result of agents work actively and creatively endeavor in order to realize their goals, expectations and desires by conducting a number of ways, efforts, and strategies among others collaboration among the parties which interact. The socio-cultural institution was not only a form of agreement among the parties which interact, but also the result of the response to the interests of other parties, as well as the interpretation by individuals over the rules that have been created previously.On the basis of an agreement, adjustment and interpretation, it was created a set of rules (rule in use) that regulated matters that may, not allowed to, should be, or should not be done by any individuals mutually interacting to carry out an activity. An agreement among the agents/actors of a resource could be created in accordance with the rationality and interpretation respectively. Hence the socio-cultural institution prevailed in a social group /community was transactional relation among the parties (agents/actors) which interest over resources.The discovery and the creation are any social processes undertaken daily in a wide array of events through diverse social interaction. In the hands of agents, the creation was then developed into the creation of values and rules to coordinate an activity and to become part of socio-cultural institution in the groups/communities. Social interactions such as negotiation, accommodation, dissent, and the relations of power between agents are universal things that usually occur in a social group/community. By such means, the socio-cultural institution was continually updated so that it could be accepted and could become a common reference. Thus socio-cultural institution has dynamic characteristic. Nevertheless, stabilization efforts of socio-cultural institution in a social group/community could be implemented through the mechanism of share and the transfer of knowledge, skills, or habits from the old members of the group/community towards the new members, A socio-cultural institution which prevailed in a group/community was not only a legacy/tradition of the past sustained by members of the group/community for particular purpose and goals, but also something new resulted from a creative action of individuals acting as agents. This dissertation presents a phenomenon of agents role significance in the production and reproduction process of a socio-cultural institution and their interactions. This dissertation in particularly discusses the role of agents in producing a socio-cultural institution which initially was not consummated and the change as well as its development in the context of the presence of interest, interpretation, dispute, similarity, and an agreement of parties concerned over the socio-cultural institution. By using procession approach and was presented in the form of Ethnography, this dissertation analyzes the agency of individuals in the production and reproduction of orangutans release regulation at Suaka Margasatwa of Lamandau (Lamandau Wildlife Reserve), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan in the period of 2008-2012.The stories of orangutans release at the Lamandau showed that the formation of the social institution in a community/social group was the result of agents work actively and creatively endeavor in order to realize their goals, expectations and desires by conducting a number of ways, efforts, and strategies among others collaboration among the parties which interact. The socio-cultural institution was not only a form of agreement among the parties which interact, but also the result of the response to the interests of other parties, as well as the interpretation by individuals over the rules that have been created previously.On the basis of an agreement, adjustment and interpretation, it was created a set of rules (rule in use) that regulated matters that may, not allowed to, should be, or should not be done by any individuals mutually interacting to carry out an activity. An agreement among the agents/actors of a resource could be created in accordance with the rationality and interpretation respectively. Hence the socio-cultural institution prevailed in a social group /community was transactional relation among the parties (agents/actors) which interest over resources.The discovery and the creation are any social processes undertaken daily in a wide array of events through diverse social interaction. In the hands of agents, the creation was then developed into the creation of values and rules to coordinate an activity and to become part of socio-cultural institution in the groups/communities. Social interactions such as negotiation, accommodation, dissent, and the relations of power between agents are universal things that usually occur in a social group/community. By such means, the socio-cultural institution was continually updated so that it could be accepted and could become a common reference. Thus socio-cultural institution has dynamic characteristic. Nevertheless, stabilization efforts of socio-cultural institution in a social group/community could be implemented through the mechanism of share and the transfer of knowledge, skills, or habits from the old members of the group/community towards the new members] |
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