[ABSTRAK
Polisakarida intrasel adalah penyusun dinding sel hifa dan karpus cendawan yangmenunjukkan aktivitas farmakologi yang cukup luas. Polisakarida cendawanumumnya diproduksi dengan mengekstrak dari karpus. Namun dibutuhkan waktubeberapa bulan untuk menumbuhkan hifa dari inokulum hingga karpus cendawan.Oleh karena itu diupayakan alternatif produksi polisakarida cendawan langsungdari miselia, melalui fermentasi cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui kondisi optimal produksi polisakarida intrasel dari miselia cendawantiram putih melalui fermentasi cair, dan mengetahui aktivitas imunomodulatornya.Faktor-faktor yang dioptimasi pada penelitian ini adalah: suhu, pH, agitasi danwaktu inkubasi, dengan desain central composite design (CCD) dari metoderespon permukaan (RSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimalfermentasi cair P. ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 untuk menghasilkan biomassa danpolisakarida yang terbaik adalah pada suhu 27,89°C, pH awal medium of 5,49,agitasi 124,08 rpm, dan waktu fermentasi 11,44 hari yang menghasilkan biomassakering 32,00±1,25 g/l, polisakarida intrasel larut air 0,29±0,01 g/l (rendemen0,91%), dan polisakarida intrasel larut alkali 0,60±0,02 g/l (rendemen 1,88%),yang mendekati kondisi teoritik. Aktivitas imunomodulator polisakarida intrasellarut air dan larut alkali miselium P. ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 diujikan padasistem imun alamiah berdasar aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis makrofagperitoneum mencit secara in vitro, bersihan karbon, dan sistem komplemen jalurklasik. Efek imunomodulator juga diujikan pada sistem imun adaptif sel danhumoral berdasar peningkatan jumlah limfosit total dan limfosit T, serta kadarimunoglobulin G. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa polisakarida intrasel larutair dan larut alkali miselium tiram putih mempunyai aktivitas imunomodulatorterhadap sistem imun alamiah dan adaptif masing-masing adalah 2 mg/20 g BBmencit dan 4 mg/20 g BB mencit atau setara 100 mg/kg BB dan 200 mg/kg BB.;
ABSTRACT
Intracellular polysaccharide is a component of fungal cell-wall that has a widepharmacological activity. Mushroom polysaccharide commonly produced byextracting the fruit body. However, it takes several months starting by growinghyphae until forming fruit body, therefore an alternative for producing it directlyfrom mycelia instead of fruit body through submerged fermentation. This studywas aimed to determine the optimal submerged fermentation conditions forproducing intracellular polysaccharide of oyster mushroom. Four variables weretested in this study: initial pH medium, agitation speed, incubation time andtemperature, using a central composite design (CCD), one of the design inresponse surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions of submergedfermentation obtained as follows: 27.89°C, initial pH medium of 5.49, agitationspeed of 124.08 rpm, and fermentation time of 11.44 days. Verification of optimalconditions produced 32.00±1.25 g/l dried mycelia, 0.29±0.01 g/l water-solublePOP (yield 0.91%), and 0.60±0.02 g/l alkali-soluble POP (yield 1.88%), whichwere close to the theoretical conditions. Immunomodulatory activity ofintracellular polysaccharide then assessed on the innate immune system, based onactivity and capacity phagocytic of murine peritoneum macrophages in vitro,carbon clearance, and on the classical complement pathway. Immunomodulatoryassay also conducted on the cellular and humoral adaptive immune system, basedon the increasing number of total lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, andImmunoglobulin G. Result of a series of immunomodulatory activity assayshowed that the intracellular polysaccharides of P. ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 haveimmunomodulatory activity on the innate and adaptive immune system at a doseof 2 mg/20 g BW mice and 4 mg/20 g BW mice respectively, equivalent to 100mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW., Intracellular polysaccharide is a component of fungal cell-wall that has a widepharmacological activity. Mushroom polysaccharide commonly produced byextracting the fruit body. However, it takes several months starting by growinghyphae until forming fruit body, therefore an alternative for producing it directlyfrom mycelia instead of fruit body through submerged fermentation. This studywas aimed to determine the optimal submerged fermentation conditions forproducing intracellular polysaccharide of oyster mushroom. Four variables weretested in this study: initial pH medium, agitation speed, incubation time andtemperature, using a central composite design (CCD), one of the design inresponse surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions of submergedfermentation obtained as follows: 27.89°C, initial pH medium of 5.49, agitationspeed of 124.08 rpm, and fermentation time of 11.44 days. Verification of optimalconditions produced 32.00±1.25 g/l dried mycelia, 0.29±0.01 g/l water-solublePOP (yield 0.91%), and 0.60±0.02 g/l alkali-soluble POP (yield 1.88%), whichwere close to the theoretical conditions. Immunomodulatory activity ofintracellular polysaccharide then assessed on the innate immune system, based onactivity and capacity phagocytic of murine peritoneum macrophages in vitro,carbon clearance, and on the classical complement pathway. Immunomodulatoryassay also conducted on the cellular and humoral adaptive immune system, basedon the increasing number of total lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, andImmunoglobulin G. Result of a series of immunomodulatory activity assayshowed that the intracellular polysaccharides of P. ostreatus BPPTCC 6017 haveimmunomodulatory activity on the innate and adaptive immune system at a doseof 2 mg/20 g BW mice and 4 mg/20 g BW mice respectively, equivalent to 100mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW.] |
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