ABSTRAKPencemaran lingkungan sungai, lebih disebabkan oleh faktor perilaku manusia (sosial). Bila hal ini tidak dilakukan perbaikan, maka keberlanjutan sungai dan ekosistemnya dikhawatirkan akan mengalami kehancuran dalam waktu tidak terlalu lama, Pemerintah telah berupaya mengatasi kerusakan daerah aliran sungai di antaranya adalah Prokasih. Namun belum ada tanda perbaikan bahkan kualitas lingkungan sungai makin kritis. Apalagi pengelolaan sungai di Indonesia masih menggunakan konsep hidraulik murni, yang menimbulkan masalah baru, kerusakan ekosistem sungai dan bencana. Namun bila Eko-hidraulik diterapkan di Indonesia, sulit berhasil tanpa melibatkan masyarakat. Indonesia mempunyai potensi modal sosial yang cukup kuat dan pemberlakuan otonomi daerah berasaskan demokrasi dan berkeadilan memberikan ruang peran serta masyarakat.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji baik sccara teoretis maupun praktis dan memberi pemikiran tentang model pendekatan S0550-hidraulik pada masyarakat daerah aliran sungai dalam mengelola kualitas air sungai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bantaran Sungai Ciliwung DKI Jakarta dan bantaran Sungai Citarum Kabupalen Bandung Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: pertama, kelompok masyarakat bantaran Sungai Citarum Bandung Jawa Barat telah melakukan penerapan Sosio-hidraulik lebih tinggi (80%) dalam mengelola kualitas air sungai dibandingkan dengan kelompok masyarakat bantaran Sungai Ciliwung Jakarta (44,7%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kandungan unsur pendekatan Sosio-hidraulik yaitu : pelestarian fungsi sungai, partisipasi stakeholders, ekonomi sumberdaya air, pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pengembangan budaya air masyarakat lokal yang diterapkan oleh kelompok masyarakat dalam mengelola kualitas air sungai. Kontribusi unsur pendekatan Sosio-hidraulik oleh masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan Iingkungan slmgai di dua lokasi penelitian adalah 38,50%. Kedua, model system dynamics dapat mengkonstruksi diagram sistem Sosio-hidraulik dan subsistem yang lain seperti dukungan pemerintah, dan dukungan swasta (dunia usaha) yang dapat menganalisis perbaikan kualitas air sungai. Simulasi akhir model ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan Sosio-Hidraulik (l00%) oleh stakeholders yang didukung oleh pemerintah (l00%) dan dunia usaha yang dilaksanakan secara konsisten Serta dilaksanakan serentak oleh seluruh stakeholders daerah aliran sungai hulu-hilir (terpadu), akan menghasilkan perbaikan kualitas air sungai setelah 18 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi terhadap: 1) penguatan pemberlakuan konsep Sosio-hidraulik dalam pengelolaan kualitas air sungai yang berbasis masyarakat, 2) Pengakuan pemerintah atas kemampuan masyarakat mengelola kualitas air sungai, 3) Sistem pengelolaan sumberdaya berbasis komunitas (Community Based Resources Management- CBRM) harus disempurnakan menjadi ISBRM (Integrated Socio-hydraulics Based Resources Management).
ABSTRACTThe caused ofthe polluting that happens on the river was human ?s behaviour (social responsibility. If the reparation has not been done, then the river and its ecosystem continuity will faced the damage in near time. The government has tried to fx the damage ofthe river-basin. But, there are still no signs that it will be better though the river environment quality is getting worse. It was because the managing of the river in Indonesia is still using the pure hydraulics concept which caused the damaged of the river ecosystem and disaster. lf the Eco- Hydraulics has been applied in Indonesia, it will be difficult to be done without the involvement of the Socio-Hydraulics. while Indonesia has many strong potential social capital. The provisions of the autonomy region based on democracy and justice has given rooms to participate by citizen.The aims of this research are to examine and to give ideas about approaching model jbr Socio-Hydraulics in managing the quality of the river water in continuity. This research was done on Ciliwung Watershed DKI Jakarta and Citarum Watershed Bandung West Java. The result ofthe research shown that first, the citizen of Citarum Watershed Bandung West Java were more succeed through the Socio-Hydraulics approach than the citizen of the Ciliwung Watershed Jakarta The Inplementation of Socio-Hydraulics respondence level on Citarum Watershed Bandung West Java groups has higher score (80%) than the Socio-Hydraulics respondence level on Ciliwung Watershed Jakarta (44. 7%). Next is, the result of analyses shown that there are Socio-Hydraulics approach elements such as: the continuity of river water junction, stakeholder 's participants, the economy water source, the involvement of society and the local culture development in reaching the succeed of the river environment quality improvement that has been done by the groups of society who ?s lived in the river basin. The contribution of the Socio-Hydraulics approach elements to the succeeding of the managing river environment in two research location were 38.50% Second the system dynamics model can be constructed the diagram system of Socio-Hydraulics and others subsystem such as the government support, the involvement of the sociegf and the privates support, so that the river water quality improvement can be anabfsed This last simulation model has shown that the application of the Socio- Hydraulics approach (l00%) by the stakeholders with the support #om the government (1 00%) and the privates (industry) that will be done in consistently and it will be done at the some time by all stakeholders of the river area (integrateaD, will produce the improvement of the river water quality ajter l8 years. This research result has imply to the policies of I) The supervision of Socio-Hydraulics concept in river water quality management on society base, 2) The government recognition to the society ability in managing the river water quality, and 3) The community based resources management (CBRM) must be completely to be integrated Socio-hydraulics based resources management (ISBRM). |
D-1894 Dwi Atmanto.pdf :: Unduh