[ABSTRAK
Perkembangan industri di Karawang, yang awalnya diharapkan mampumenyerap banyak tenaga kerja lokal, ternyata secara tidak langsung berdampakpada hilangnya kesempatan kerja dan tingginya jumlah pengangguran lokal.Persoalan pengangguran ini menuntut dirancangnya kebijakan ketenagakerjaanyang lebih berpihak pada pengangguran lokal, yaitu Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No.1/2011 tentang Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Lokal. Kebijakan ini bertujuan sebagaitindakan afirmatif (affirmative action) untuk mendesak terdistribusinyakesempatan kerja bagi pengangguran lokal yang tereksklusi dalam dunia industri.Namun, Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 ini belum mampudiimplementasikan secara optimal, sebab masih terdapat berbagai perselisihankepentingan di antara aktor-aktor yang terkena dampak dari implementasikebijakan ini. Berbeda dengan berbagai penelitian terhadap implementasikebijakan yang cenderung hanya meninjau aspek-aspek prosedural danadministratif pada level tertentu, penelitian ini berupaya mengurai faktor-faktorsosiologis, terutama relasi sosial di antara aktor-aktor yang memiliki kepentinganyang berbeda, sebagai pendukung atau pun penghambat proses implementasikebijakan ketenagakerjaan dalam multilevel: mikro, meso dan makro.Karenanya, analisis penelitian ini dibagi dalam tiga persoalan: (1) prosesimplementasi kebijakan; (2) faktor-faktor yang mendukung implementasikebijakan di level makro, meso dan mikro; dan (3) faktor-faktor yangmenghambat implementasi kebijakan di level makro, meso dan mikro. Denganbegitu, penelitian ini diharapkan mampu meninjau proses implementasi kebijakanketenagakerjaan secara lebih komprehensif.Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, terdapat dua faktor yang mendukungproses implementasi Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011: (1) beberapa aspekdalam lingkungan eksternal (makro), seperti perkembangan pasar otomotif danusaha garmen; (2) kerja sama stakeholders, seperti perusahaan Yahama danOrganisasi Masyarakat Sipil (OMS). Sementara di level mikro tidak ditemukanfaktor pendukung proses implementasi. Namun, kedua faktor pendukung tersebutlebih bersifat kondisional, sehingga sulit diterapkan pada sektor-sektor lainnya.Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambat proses implementasi justru lebihbanyak ditemukan di semua level, baik makro, meso maupun mikro. Di levelmakro atau struktural, ditemukan tiga faktor penghambat, yaitu: (1) ketidakjelasanrancangan kebijakan; (2) membludaknya pencari kerja baru dan minimnyalapangan kerja; (3) minimnya anggaran. Di level meso, ditemukan dua faktorpenghambat, yaitu: (1) lemahnya sistem dan budaya organisasi; (2) resistensistakeholders. Sedangkan di level mikro, ditemukan dua faktor penghambat: (1) lemahnya SDM lokal; (2) kepentingan pribadi. Dengan demikian dapatdisimpulkan bahwa proses implementasi Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011masih belum diimplementasikan secara optimal berdasarkan banyaknya faktorfaktorpenghambat yang tidak mampu diatasi oleh Pemerintah Daerah Karawang.
ABSTRACT
The Industry development in Karawang, which is initially expected toabsorb many local workers, in fact indirectly influences the losing of the jobopportunity and the high rate of the local unemployment. This unemploymentcase forces the attempt to design the employment policy,Pasal 25 PerdaKarawang No. 1/2011 about Formation of the Local Workers, which tend tosustain the local employment. This policy aims to be an affirmative action to insistthe distributed job opportunity for the local unemployment which is exclusive inthe industry field.However, the Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 has not implementedoptimally yet, since there are still various conflict of interests among the actorsaffected by this implementationpolicy. Having some differences from some othervarious studies discussing the policy implementation which tend to observe theprocedural and administrative aspects in a certain level, this study seek toelaborate the sociological factors, particularly social relations among the actorshaving the different interests, as a support or hindrance of the implementation ofthe employmentpolicy in multilevel: micro, medium, and macro.Due to such considerations, the analysis of this study is divided into threematters: (1) the process of policy implementation; (2) the sustainingfactors of thepolicy implementation in the levels of macro, medium, and micro; and (3) theintervening factors of the policy implementation in the levels of macro, medium,and micro. This study is, therefore, expected to provide the more comprehensiveinvestigation toward the implementation of employment policy.The findings reveal that there are two factors sustaining theimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011: (1) severalaspects in the external situation (macro), for instance the development ofautomotive and garment industries; (2) cooperation of stakeholders, such asYamaha company and Resident Civil Organization/Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil(OMS). Meanwhile, in the micro level, the sustaining factors of theimplementation process were not found. However, the two sustaining factors tendto be conditional that these tend to be difficult to be implemented in other sectors. On the other hand, the intervening factors of the implementation processare more frequently found in all levels, either in the levels of macro, medium, ormicro. In the macro or structural level, three intervening factors were found: (1)the lack of clearance in the policy design; (2) the increasing number of the newjob seekers and the lack of work-field; (3) the lack of budgeting. In the mediumlevel, two intervening factors were found: (1) the weakness of system and cultureof organization; (2) stakeholders resistances. Meanwhile, in the micro level, twointervening factors were found: the weakness of local human resources; (2)personal interest. This study, therefore, arrives at a conclusion thatimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 is notimplemented optimally, based on the many intervening factors which cannot bedealt with by The Region Government of Karawang.;The Industry development in Karawang, which is initially expected toabsorb many local workers, in fact indirectly influences the losing of the jobopportunity and the high rate of the local unemployment. This unemploymentcase forces the attempt to design the employment policy,Pasal 25 PerdaKarawang No. 1/2011 about Formation of the Local Workers, which tend tosustain the local employment. This policy aims to be an affirmative action to insistthe distributed job opportunity for the local unemployment which is exclusive inthe industry field.However, the Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 has not implementedoptimally yet, since there are still various conflict of interests among the actorsaffected by this implementationpolicy. Having some differences from some othervarious studies discussing the policy implementation which tend to observe theprocedural and administrative aspects in a certain level, this study seek toelaborate the sociological factors, particularly social relations among the actorshaving the different interests, as a support or hindrance of the implementation ofthe employmentpolicy in multilevel: micro, medium, and macro.Due to such considerations, the analysis of this study is divided into threematters: (1) the process of policy implementation; (2) the sustainingfactors of thepolicy implementation in the levels of macro, medium, and micro; and (3) theintervening factors of the policy implementation in the levels of macro, medium,and micro. This study is, therefore, expected to provide the more comprehensiveinvestigation toward the implementation of employment policy.The findings reveal that there are two factors sustaining theimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011: (1) severalaspects in the external situation (macro), for instance the development ofautomotive and garment industries; (2) cooperation of stakeholders, such asYamaha company and Resident Civil Organization/Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil(OMS). Meanwhile, in the micro level, the sustaining factors of theimplementation process were not found. However, the two sustaining factors tendto be conditional that these tend to be difficult to be implemented in other sectors. On the other hand, the intervening factors of the implementation processare more frequently found in all levels, either in the levels of macro, medium, ormicro. In the macro or structural level, three intervening factors were found: (1)the lack of clearance in the policy design; (2) the increasing number of the newjob seekers and the lack of work-field; (3) the lack of budgeting. In the mediumlevel, two intervening factors were found: (1) the weakness of system and cultureof organization; (2) stakeholders resistances. Meanwhile, in the micro level, twointervening factors were found: the weakness of local human resources; (2)personal interest. This study, therefore, arrives at a conclusion thatimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 is notimplemented optimally, based on the many intervening factors which cannot bedealt with by The Region Government of Karawang.;The Industry development in Karawang, which is initially expected toabsorb many local workers, in fact indirectly influences the losing of the jobopportunity and the high rate of the local unemployment. This unemploymentcase forces the attempt to design the employment policy,Pasal 25 PerdaKarawang No. 1/2011 about Formation of the Local Workers, which tend tosustain the local employment. This policy aims to be an affirmative action to insistthe distributed job opportunity for the local unemployment which is exclusive inthe industry field.However, the Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 has not implementedoptimally yet, since there are still various conflict of interests among the actorsaffected by this implementationpolicy. Having some differences from some othervarious studies discussing the policy implementation which tend to observe theprocedural and administrative aspects in a certain level, this study seek toelaborate the sociological factors, particularly social relations among the actorshaving the different interests, as a support or hindrance of the implementation ofthe employmentpolicy in multilevel: micro, medium, and macro.Due to such considerations, the analysis of this study is divided into threematters: (1) the process of policy implementation; (2) the sustainingfactors of thepolicy implementation in the levels of macro, medium, and micro; and (3) theintervening factors of the policy implementation in the levels of macro, medium,and micro. This study is, therefore, expected to provide the more comprehensiveinvestigation toward the implementation of employment policy.The findings reveal that there are two factors sustaining theimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011: (1) severalaspects in the external situation (macro), for instance the development ofautomotive and garment industries; (2) cooperation of stakeholders, such asYamaha company and Resident Civil Organization/Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil(OMS). Meanwhile, in the micro level, the sustaining factors of theimplementation process were not found. However, the two sustaining factors tendto be conditional that these tend to be difficult to be implemented in other sectors. On the other hand, the intervening factors of the implementation processare more frequently found in all levels, either in the levels of macro, medium, ormicro. In the macro or structural level, three intervening factors were found: (1)the lack of clearance in the policy design; (2) the increasing number of the newjob seekers and the lack of work-field; (3) the lack of budgeting. In the mediumlevel, two intervening factors were found: (1) the weakness of system and cultureof organization; (2) stakeholders resistances. Meanwhile, in the micro level, twointervening factors were found: the weakness of local human resources; (2)personal interest. This study, therefore, arrives at a conclusion thatimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 is notimplemented optimally, based on the many intervening factors which cannot bedealt with by The Region Government of Karawang., The Industry development in Karawang, which is initially expected toabsorb many local workers, in fact indirectly influences the losing of the jobopportunity and the high rate of the local unemployment. This unemploymentcase forces the attempt to design the employment policy,Pasal 25 PerdaKarawang No. 1/2011 about Formation of the Local Workers, which tend tosustain the local employment. This policy aims to be an affirmative action to insistthe distributed job opportunity for the local unemployment which is exclusive inthe industry field.However, the Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 has not implementedoptimally yet, since there are still various conflict of interests among the actorsaffected by this implementationpolicy. Having some differences from some othervarious studies discussing the policy implementation which tend to observe theprocedural and administrative aspects in a certain level, this study seek toelaborate the sociological factors, particularly social relations among the actorshaving the different interests, as a support or hindrance of the implementation ofthe employmentpolicy in multilevel: micro, medium, and macro.Due to such considerations, the analysis of this study is divided into threematters: (1) the process of policy implementation; (2) the sustainingfactors of thepolicy implementation in the levels of macro, medium, and micro; and (3) theintervening factors of the policy implementation in the levels of macro, medium,and micro. This study is, therefore, expected to provide the more comprehensiveinvestigation toward the implementation of employment policy.The findings reveal that there are two factors sustaining theimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011: (1) severalaspects in the external situation (macro), for instance the development ofautomotive and garment industries; (2) cooperation of stakeholders, such asYamaha company and Resident Civil Organization/Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil(OMS). Meanwhile, in the micro level, the sustaining factors of theimplementation process were not found. However, the two sustaining factors tendto be conditional that these tend to be difficult to be implemented in other sectors. On the other hand, the intervening factors of the implementation processare more frequently found in all levels, either in the levels of macro, medium, ormicro. In the macro or structural level, three intervening factors were found: (1)the lack of clearance in the policy design; (2) the increasing number of the newjob seekers and the lack of work-field; (3) the lack of budgeting. In the mediumlevel, two intervening factors were found: (1) the weakness of system and cultureof organization; (2) stakeholders resistances. Meanwhile, in the micro level, twointervening factors were found: the weakness of local human resources; (2)personal interest. This study, therefore, arrives at a conclusion thatimplementation process of Pasal 25 Perda Karawang No. 1/2011 is notimplemented optimally, based on the many intervening factors which cannot bedealt with by The Region Government of Karawang.] |
T43232-Aris Maulana Akbar.pdf :: Unduh