Preeklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal maupun perinatal di Indonesia. Suatu studi menyatakan Preeklampsia Berat (PEB) merupakan penyebab kematian ibu sebesar 1,5-25% dan bayi 45-50% di Indonesia. Status paritas dinilai menjadi salah satu faktor penting terhadap tingginya angka kejadian PEB. Walaupun sudah cukup banyak studi epidemiologi mengenai kaitan antara PEB dan paritas, sangat disayangkan RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) sebagai rumah sakit pusat rujukan nasional belum pernah melaporkan data serta analisis kasus PEB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan informasi tentang distribusi karakteristik sosiodemografi pasien RSCM, prevalensi PEB di RSCM, serta hubungan antara status paritas dan PEB. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien Departemen Obstetri Ginekologi RSCM sepanjang tahun 2011. Dari 2517 data, 2462 data memenuhi kriteria yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan karakteristik sosiodemografi pasien hamil RSCM berasal dari Jakarta (79,05%), beragama Islam (87,98%), pendidikan terakhir SMA (35,2%), ibu rumah tangga (71%), dan menggunakan jaminan persalinan (44%). Prevalensi angka kejadian PEB di RSCM tahun 2011 sebesar 16,4%. Status paritas memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan prevalensi angka kejadian PEB di RSCM tahun 2011, dengan proporsi angka kejadian PEB paling tinggi ada pada kelompok grande multipara (24,3%).
Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. One study showed that severe preeclampsia caused 1,5-25% of maternal death and 45-50% of neonatal death in Indonesia. Parity seems to become one of the major risk factors that contribute to the high incidence of severe preeclampsia. Although there have been many studies about epidemiology of correlation between parity and preeclampsia, RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) as a central national refferal hospital has not yet reported any data and analysis about severe preeclampsia case. The aim of this study was to know about the characteristics sosiodemographic of obstetric patients, prevalence of severe preeclampsia, and relationship between parity and prevalence of severe preeclampsia in RSCM in 2011. The method used in this study was cross sectional. The data were obtained from medical record of all patients from Department Obstetric Gynecologic RSCM in 2011. From 2517 data, 2462 data were fulfilled research criteria, and were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Through this study, we obtained some characteristics of maternal in RSCM, i.e. originated from Jakarta (79,05%), Moslem (87,98%), last educational was high school (35,2%), housewife (71%), and had labor inssurance (44%). Prevalence of severe preeclampsia in RSCM in 2011 was 16,4%. There was a significant relationship between parity and incidence of severe preeclampsia in RSCM in 2011 (p=0,002), which the highest proportion of incidence severe preeclampsia was in the grande multipara group (24,3%). |
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