[ABSTRAK
Pestisida nabati berbasis minyak atsiri (essential oils) dapat dijadikan alternatif sebagaiprotektan tanaman terhadap serangan hama. Senyawa eugenol dalam minyak atsiri cengkehmenunjukkan beberapa aktivitas sebagai insektisida, anti jamur dan anti bakteri, namunbersifat sensitif terhadap degradasi oleh cahaya, panas, oksigen dan masa simpan yangpendek jika disimpan dalam kondisi tidak tepat. Enkapsulasi senyawa eugenol dirasa sangatpenting untuk melindungi senyawa yang sensitif dari degradasi, menutupi sifat yang tidakdiinginkan dari suatu senyawa, mengurangi kerugian akibat penguapan, mencegah terjadinyaikatan atau interaksi dengan komponen matriks lainnya dan memfasilitasi pelepasan yangterkontrol pada kondisi yang diiinginkan sehingga sesuai untuk dijadikan formula pestisidanabati. Proses optimasi nano enkapsulasi minyak cengkeh menggunakan Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) digunakan untuk mempelajaripengaruh konsentrasi cengkeh, buffer fosfat dan kalsium klorida terhadap loading capacitydan efisiensi enkapsulasi produk nano-cengkeh. Persamaan kuadratik terhadap responloading capacity didapatkan Y= 60,46+ 7,06A + 6,81B - 0,088 C ?2,26AB + 1,75AC +2,49BC ? 4,99A2 ? 2,39B2 -2,36C2 , dan terhadap respon efisiensi enkapsulasi Y= 57,65 -20,67A ? 1,13B + 10,68 C ?5,32AB + 13,59AC + 0,65BC ? 1,00A2 + 11,85B2 -0,50C2.Optimasi variabel bebas untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimal respon loading capacity danefisiensi enkapsulasi berturut-turut sebesar 64,67% dan 79,64% dengan volume cengkeh ,fosfat dan kalsium masing-masing sebesar 9,82 ; 75 dan 18 ml. Diameter rata-ratananocengkeh terbaik yang didapatkan 179,83 nm. Dari uji sitotoksisitas dengan Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) didapatkan data LC50 minyak cengkeh tanpa enkapsulasi sebesar 7,35ppm (konsentrasi eugenol 4,445 μg/ml) sedangkan sediaan nanocengkeh sebesar 11,50 ppm(konsentrasi eugenol 0,264 μg/ml ) menunjukkan secara statistik efek enkapsulasi berbedasangat signifikan terhadap kematian larva Artemia salina Sp. dibandingkan tanpa enkapsulasidengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.
ABSTRACT
Essential oils based pesticides can be used as an alternative as crop protectant against pests.Eugenol in clove essential oil showed some activity as insecticides, anti-fungal and antibacterialbut it is sensitive to degradation by light, heat, oxygen and short shelf life whenstored in improper conditions. Encapsulation of eugenol was considered very important toprotect sensitive compound from degradation, covering undesirable properties, reducinglosses due to evaporation, prevent bonding or interaction with other matrix components, andfacilitate the controlled release conditions, so meet the requirement of a plant basedpesticides. Optimization process of nano encapsulation of clove oil extract using ResponseSurface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) employed to study the effectconcentration of clove oil, phospat buffer and calcium chloride on the loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency of nano-clove product. Quadratic equation of the loading capacityresponse was obtained Y= 60,46+ 7,06A + 6,81B - 0,088 C ?2,26AB + 1,75AC + 2,49BC ?4,99A2 ? 2,39B2 -2,36C2, dan encapsulation efficiency response was obtained Y= 57,65 -20,67A ? 1,13B + 10,68 C ?5,32AB + 13,59AC + 0,65BC ? 1,00A2 + 11,85B2 -0,50C2.Optimization of independent variables to obtain optimum conditions loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency response respectively for 64.67% and 79.64% by volume clove oil,phospat buffer and calcium chloride respectively 9.82; 75 and 18 ml. The average diameterof the obtained nano-clove was 179.83 nm. The cytotoxicity assay using Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) LC50 data obtained, clove oil without encapsulation was 7.35 ppm(eugenol concentration 4.445 μg/ml), while preparations nano-clove was 11.50 ppm (eugenolconcentration 0.264 μg/ml) showed that a statistically encapsulation effects different verysignificantly on mortality of larvae Artemia salina Sp. compared without encapsulation with aconfidence level of 95%., Essential oils based pesticides can be used as an alternative as crop protectant against pests.Eugenol in clove essential oil showed some activity as insecticides, anti-fungal and antibacterialbut it is sensitive to degradation by light, heat, oxygen and short shelf life whenstored in improper conditions. Encapsulation of eugenol was considered very important toprotect sensitive compound from degradation, covering undesirable properties, reducinglosses due to evaporation, prevent bonding or interaction with other matrix components, andfacilitate the controlled release conditions, so meet the requirement of a plant basedpesticides. Optimization process of nano encapsulation of clove oil extract using ResponseSurface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) employed to study the effectconcentration of clove oil, phospat buffer and calcium chloride on the loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency of nano-clove product. Quadratic equation of the loading capacityresponse was obtained Y= 60,46+ 7,06A + 6,81B - 0,088 C –2,26AB + 1,75AC + 2,49BC –4,99A2 – 2,39B2 -2,36C2, dan encapsulation efficiency response was obtained Y= 57,65 -20,67A – 1,13B + 10,68 C –5,32AB + 13,59AC + 0,65BC – 1,00A2 + 11,85B2 -0,50C2.Optimization of independent variables to obtain optimum conditions loading capacity andencapsulation efficiency response respectively for 64.67% and 79.64% by volume clove oil,phospat buffer and calcium chloride respectively 9.82; 75 and 18 ml. The average diameterof the obtained nano-clove was 179.83 nm. The cytotoxicity assay using Brine ShrimpLethality Test (BSLT) LC50 data obtained, clove oil without encapsulation was 7.35 ppm(eugenol concentration 4.445 μg/ml), while preparations nano-clove was 11.50 ppm (eugenolconcentration 0.264 μg/ml) showed that a statistically encapsulation effects different verysignificantly on mortality of larvae Artemia salina Sp. compared without encapsulation with aconfidence level of 95%.] |
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