[ABSTRAK
Booming batubara dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir memunculkan industri tambang yang menjadi tulang punggung terbentuknya kota tambang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberlanjutan Beraudan Paser di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur sebagai kota tambang.Industri tambang disini akan memasuki tahap pascatambangpada tahun 2024. Keberlanjutan kota dinilai dengan perbandingan PDRB sektor-sektor penyusun struktur ekonomi. Metodologi yang dilakukan yaitu dengan depth interviews dengan pemangku kepentingan seperti Bupati, Kepala Teknik Tambang dan tokoh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan di Paser dan Berau sejak 1993-2013 belum dapat mentransformasi sumber daya alam (SDA) tidak terbarukan menjadi sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang lebih baik, sehingga pembangunan di kedua kota tambang tersebut berpotensi tidak berlanjut menurut definisi lunak pembangunan berkelanjutan. Lima tahun terakhir kualitas masyarakat Berau lebih dari 60% berpendidikan SMP. Pendidikan masyarakat yang rendah, tidak mampu mengelola SDA secara optimal. Interaksi manusia dari luar sebagai pekerja tambang membentuk rente ekonomi yang menumbuhkan interaksi sosial dan ekonomi lebih tinggi dibandingkan interaksi sosial ekonomi antar penduduk lokal. Pekerja tambang yang bermigrasi ke luar Paser dan Berau akan menurunkan rente ekonomi yang telah terbangun sejak tahun 1993. Valuasi ekonomi lingkungan dapat digunakan untuk menilai SDA, SDM, dan sumber daya buatan di Paser dan Berau. Nilai SDM, SDA terbarukan, dan sumber daya buatan di Berau lebih besar dibandingkan Paser, namun kualitas sumber daya manusia Berau dan Paser masih rendah dan belum dapat mengelola sumber daya alam secara optimal.
ABSTRACT
Coal booming in the last ten years, made the mining industry as the backbone of the mining town forming. This study aims to assess sustainability at Berau and Paser District in East Kalimantan Province as a mining town, where in 2024 the mining industry will enter the stage of post-mining. Sustainability cities assessed by comparison of GDP sectors making up the structure of the economy. The methodology is made by depth interviews with stakeholders such as Regent, mining manager and community leaders. The results showed that the development in Paser and Berau since 1993-2013 have not been able to transform the non- renewable natural resources into human resources better, so that development in both the mining town has potentially unsustain according to the soft definition of sustainable development. In last five years the quality of Berau people more than 70% graduated from junior high school. It is not enough to manage the environmentoptimallty. Human interaction from the outside as the miners had formed multiplier economic effect, where it was fosters social and economic interaction higher than socio-economic interaction between the local residents. Migrating miners will reduce economic rents that have been built since 1993Economic valuation of natural resources and the environment can be used to assess natural resources (NR), human resources (HR), and man-made resources (MMR) in Paser and Berau. HR value, NR value, and MMR in Berau greater than the value of HR, NR value, and MMR in Paser, but the quality of human resources and Paser Berau is still low and has not been able to manage natural resources optimally., Coal booming in the last ten years, made the mining industry as the backbone of the mining town forming. This study aims to assess sustainability at Berau and Paser District in East Kalimantan Province as a mining town, where in 2024 the mining industry will enter the stage of post-mining. Sustainability cities assessed by comparison of GDP sectors making up the structure of the economy. The methodology is made by depth interviews with stakeholders such as Regent, mining manager and community leaders. The results showed that the development in Paser and Berau since 1993-2013 have not been able to transform the non- renewable natural resources into human resources better, so that development in both the mining town has potentially unsustain according to the soft definition of sustainable development. In last five years the quality of Berau people more than 70% graduated from junior high school. It is not enough to manage the environmentoptimallty. Human interaction from the outside as the miners had formed multiplier economic effect, where it was fosters social and economic interaction higher than socio-economic interaction between the local residents. Migrating miners will reduce economic rents that have been built since 1993Economic valuation of natural resources and the environment can be used to assess natural resources (NR), human resources (HR), and man-made resources (MMR) in Paser and Berau. HR value, NR value, and MMR in Berau greater than the value of HR, NR value, and MMR in Paser, but the quality of human resources and Paser Berau is still low and has not been able to manage natural resources optimally.] |
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