[ABSTRAK Salah satu isu krusial dalam pembangunan pendidikan di Indonesia adalahkesenjangan akses pendidikan antar kabupaten/kota. Pelaksanaan desentralisasiyang bertujuan mendekatkan pelayanan publik ke masyarakat diharapkanmembuat akses pendidikan tingkat kabupaten/kota menjadi lebih baik. Penelitianini membahas pengaruh alokasi anggaran pemerintah terhadap perbaikan aksespendidikan menengah kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, diukur dengan angkapartisipasi kasar (APK) dan angka partisipasi murni (APM). Analisisekonometrika data panel 15 kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, periode 2010-2012, menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, anggaran pemerintah melaluianggaran fungsi pendidikan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadappeningkatan APK dan APM. Kedua, dana transfer berupa DAU hanyaberpengaruh meningkatakan akses pendidikan melalui APK, tidak pada APM.Ketiga, kemandirian fiskal kabupaten/kota tidak berpengaruh dalammeningkatkan akses pendidikan menengah daerahnya. PDRB per kapita sebagaicerminan kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat menunjukkan berpengaruh signifikan danpositif terhadap peningkatan APK dan APM. Namun demikian pengaruh variabelvariabelyang signifikan terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah sangatkecil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak alokasi anggaran pemerintah maupunpertumbuhan ekonomi, terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengahkabupaten/kota relatif kecil. ABSTRACT One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia iseducation access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation ofdecentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community isexpected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. Thisstudy discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improvingaccess secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by thegross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometricanalysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 showseveral things. First, the government budget through the budget of the educationfunctions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER andNER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase theaccess to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency ofkabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education inthose area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of thecommunity showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GERand NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement ofaccess to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact ofgovernment budget allocation and economic growth, improved access tosecondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.;One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia iseducation access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation ofdecentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community isexpected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. Thisstudy discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improvingaccess secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by thegross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometricanalysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 showseveral things. First, the government budget through the budget of the educationfunctions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER andNER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase theaccess to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency ofkabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education inthose area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of thecommunity showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GERand NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement ofaccess to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact ofgovernment budget allocation and economic growth, improved access tosecondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small., One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia iseducation access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation ofdecentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community isexpected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. Thisstudy discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improvingaccess secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by thegross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometricanalysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 showseveral things. First, the government budget through the budget of the educationfunctions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER andNER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase theaccess to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency ofkabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education inthose area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of thecommunity showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GERand NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement ofaccess to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact ofgovernment budget allocation and economic growth, improved access tosecondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.] |