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ABSTRAK
Kasus HIV/AIDS dan tuberkulosis banyak diderita masyarakat perkotaan. Penyakit pada masyarakat perkotaan berkaitan dengan karakteristik lingkungan dan gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan. Kasus HIV biasanya disertai dengan berbagai infeksi oportunistik. Infeksi opportunistik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah tuberkulosis, diikuti dengan kandidiasis oral, dan diare. Masalah keperawatan utama pada pasien dengan tuberkulosis adalah ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan napas berhubungan dengan retensi sputum. Penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupa kombinasi antara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batuk efektif untuk mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif. Intervensi dilakukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan tuberculosis di ruang rawat penyakit dalam RSCM. Hasil dan evaluasi dari intervensi yang dilakukan yaitu berkurangnya penumpukan sputum pada jalan napas pasien, sehingga pasien tidak merasakan sesak seperti sebelumnya dan bisa bernapas lebih lega. Perawat diharapkan dapat melakukan intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupa kombinasi antara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batuk efektif tersebut untuk membantu memperbaiki status pernapasan pasien.ABSTRACT Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status.