ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study are to investigate class structure, class consciousness,class formation, and class struggle of fishers in Balilcpapan as well as factors affectingthese phenomena. Basically, this is a qualitative study.The study found that class stnxcture of the fishers in Balikpapan has not beensimplified to become two great hostile classes, namely bourgeoisie and proletariat. Onthe contrary, class structure of iishers in Balikpapan has developed to become morecomplex. Now, there are four classes of fishers in Balikpapan, namely the capitalist, thelabour, the small fishers (petty bourgeoisie), and the intermediate/medium fishers. Classrelation between labour and owner of the means of production here is quite unique.Unlike in industries in general, relation between labour and owner here contains twodimensions, namely the exploitative dominative and the patron-client. This ?twodimensions? pattem of class relation is also found between the tishers (especially thesmall and the intermediate classes fishers) and the merchants.Class consciousness and class formation of the labour have not been developedyet. In other -words, so far, labour class exists only as a class in itself, not class for itselfFactors affecting labour class consciousness and class formation are iiagmentation oflabour, high class permeability, labour?s dependent on the owner, lack of leader, lack ofcommon problem, and the share-system (not wage). On the other hand, small andintermediate classes fishers have already developed class consciousness as well as classformation. The most important factors contribute to this fact are the present of ?big?common problems over and over again, as well as the present of active and vocal leadersamong them. The capitalist class of Fishers has not developed class consciousness andclass formation.In line with the lack of class consciousness and class formation of the labour,class conflict between labour and owner has never occurred. Conflicts between labourand owner only take place individually, not as a class. Form of individual labour struggleare grievance, questioning, ?protest", and quit. On the other hand, small and intermediateclass fishers often carry out a class struggle fiom dialog with the opponent as well asgovemment and legislators (DPRD), huge and rather violent demonstration, up tohijacking big ships and burning down big fishing vessel of their opponent.In class conflict, whether between small and intermediate classes fishers withmining firms or with ?big capitalist? fishers class, there is again a peculiar characterwhich is uncommon or even unknown to the industrial world. In fishery class conflict,there is a strong alliance between the owner class and the labour class. Furthermore,when class conflict is taking place between the lower and the higher class fishers such asbetween the ?peja1a" (intermediate class) and the purse seine fishers (big capitalist class)early 2006 in Balikpapan, a strong alliance between owner and labour in each class was still hold. It means, capitalist fishers plus labour agains intermediate fishers plus labour. Something that probably never imagined by Marx!In the class conflict between the "pejala" (intermediate class) and the purse seine fishers (big capitalist class) in Balik papan, the main issue or the cause of the conlict was not exploitation but domination in the process of "production". In this case, the intermediete class was dominated by the big capitalist class. More over, even though the issue was a "realistic issue", but because it was about source of livelihood, the level of violence of the class conflict was very high. In the case, fishing vessel was burned down and the vice-skipper was hit near his eye. Thus, the violence of a class conflict is not only determined by realistic vs non-realistic issue, but whether it is about main source of livelihood or not.In conclution, this study plays a remarkable and significant contribution to the theory of fishery class conflict in particular, and even for the theory of class and class conflict in general. |
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