ABSTRAK
Sumber PM2,5 banyak dihasilkan dari kegiatan antropogenik sepertitransportasi industri, dan rumah tangga. Sumber dari kegiatan industri biasanyabanyak berasal dari kegiatan pertambangan, cerobong asap pabrik, hasilpembakaran dan industri semen (WHO, 2006). Tujuan utama dalam penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko PM2,5 dan hubungannya dengan penurunanfungsi paru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analisis risiko dan epidemiologi dengandesain cross sectional, jumlah sample 92 responden dan teknik pengambilansampel adalah proporsional simple random sampling. Data diperoleh darikuisioner, pengukuran PM2,5 pengukuran antropometri dan pengukuran fungsiparu. Fungsi paru diperiksa dengan menggunakan spirometri tes untukmendapatkan nilai FVC dan FEV1. Konsentrasi PM2,5 diukur denganmenggunakan High Volume Air Sampler. Analisis uji statistik menggunakan Chisquare dan regresi linear dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Untuk menghitungbesarnya risiko dilakukan sampling konsentrasi PM2,5 di 6 titik area. Hasilperhitungan risiko lifetime menunjukkan terdapat 5 area berisiko dengan nilai RQ> 1, yaitu storage, raw mill, kiln, finish mill dan packing. Prevalensi penurunanfungsi paru pada pekerja industri semen sebesar 60,9% di mana 50% menagalamirestriktif dan 10,9% mengalami obstruktif. Hasil analisis menjukkan hubunganyang signifikan antara gangguan fungsi paru dengan konsntrasi PM2,5 (p= 0,035,OR=2,722), umur (p= 0,020, OR= 2,833), status gizi (p=0,007, OR= 3,323),kebiasaan merokok (p= 0,035, OR= 2,60), aktifitas fisik (p=0,035, OR= 2,667),lama kerja (p=0,028, OR= 3,400), masa kerja (p= 0,018, OR= 3,015). Dengananalisis multivariat, didapatkan faktor yang paling berhubungan terhadadapgangguan fungsi paru adalah, konsentrasi PM2,5, usia, sratus gizi, kebiasaanmerokok dan masa kerja. Selanjutnya diperlukan upaya untuk perbaikanlingkungan area kerja dengan memperhatikan risiko yang ditimbulkan daripajanan PM2,5 dan melakukan manajemen risiko di area kerja.
ABSTRACT
Source PM2,5 many resulting from anthropogenic activities such as thetransport industry and households. Sources from industrial activities usually comefrom mining activities, smokestacks, the products of combustion and cementindustries (WHO, 2006). The main objective of this research is to determine thelevel of risk PM2,5 and its relationship with the decline in lung function. Thisresearch is a risk analysis and epidemiology with cross-sectional design, thenumber of samples 92 respondents and sampling techniques is proportional simplerandom sampling. Data obtained from the questionnaire, anthropometricmeasurements PM2,5 measurements and measurements of lung function. Lungfunction is checked by using a spirometry test to get the value of FVC and FEV1 .PM2,5 concentration was measured by using a High Volume Air Sampler.Statistical analysis using Chi-square test and linear regression with 95%confidence level. To calculate the amount of risk sampling PM2,5 concentration in6 point area. The results show the lifetime risk calculations are five risk areas withRQ values> 1, ie storage, raw mill, kiln, mill and packing finish. The prevalenceof lung function decline in cement industry workers amounted to 60.9% where50% menagalami restrictive and 10.9% had obstructive. The results of theanalysis is significant association between impaired lung function byconsentration PM2,5 (p = 0.035, OR = 2.722), age (p = 0.020, OR = 2.833),nutritional status (p = 0.007, OR = 3.323), smoking (p = 0.035, OR = 2.60),physical activity (p = 0.035, OR = 2.667), duration of action (p = 0.028, OR =3.400), age (p = 0.018, OR = 3.015). By multivariate analysis, it was found thefactors most associated to lung function impairment is, the concentration of PM2,5,age, sratus nutrition, smoking habits and tenure. Further efforts are needed forenvironmental improvement work area by taking into account risks arising fromexposure to PM2,5 and perform risk management in the work area. |
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