Penelitian tentang gerakan pekerja di Provinsi Jawa Barat terjadi pada pertengahan abad ke-20, tepatnya pada tahun 1952. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa persoalan ekonomi menjadi penyebab utama timbulnya pemogokan pekerja lepas di Jawa Barat?Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teori aksi kolektif model mobilisasi dari Charles Tilly. Menurut Tilly aksi kolektif terdiri atas komponen: interest, organization, mobilization, opportunity, dan collective action. Sedangkan elemen vital aksi kolektif model meobilisasi meliputi: power, repression/fasilitation, dan opportunity/threat. SOBSI menjadi agensi bagi pekerja lepas mampu mengintegrasikan kelima komponen aksi kolektif yang kemudian berpuncak pada pemogokan. Tuntutan pekerja berhasil karena Ketua Panitia Aksi SOBSI K.Werdoyo mempunyai power yang besar baik yang berupa posisi dan perannya sebagai Ketua Fraksi Buruh di DPR maupun kemampuannya dalam bernegosiasi. K.Werdoyo mampu mengatasi tindakan-tindakan represif yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan memanfaatkan fasilitasi yang diberikan pemerintah kepadanya. K. Werdoyo juga mampu mengambil peluang yang diberikan oleh pemerintahan Perdana Menteri Wilopo (dari PNI) yang lebih lunak dalam menyikapi tuntutan pekerja lepas di Jawa Barat daripada Perdana Menteri sebelumnya, Sukiman dari Masyumi.Pemogokan pekerja lepas di Jawa Barat dikarenakan adanya tindakan ekploitasi dari Pemerintah Pusat. Pada hakekatnya kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat tersebut tidak melanggar ketentuan karena secara formal kewenangan tentang peraturan penetapan upah masih menjadi kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat. Persoalan utamanya lebih pada tindakan ketidakadilan yang dirasakan oleh pekerja lepas yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat. Di tengah-tengah pekerja lepas mengalami kesulitan ekonomi yang serius, Pemerintah Pusat menurunkan pendapatan mereka.Tuntutan pekerja lepas di Jawa Barat berhasil, bahkan kemudian berujung pada terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 1954 tentang Pekerja Pemerintah. Keberhasilan tutunan tersebut telah meredakan aksi-aksi pekerja lepas di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang juga telah meluas ke Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur, meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja, semakin besarnya organisasi SOBSI, dan telah jelasnya kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam menetapkan peraturan tentang pekerja lepas.
This research studies the workers movement in West Java Province that rose in the middle of twentieth century, especially in 1952. The main objective of the research is to prove that the economic problem was the main cause of the government workers strike in West Java.In this research, author utilizes the theory of collective action - mobilization model of Charles Tilly. Tilly argues that the collective action consist of several components, which are interest, organization, mobilization, opportunity, and collective action. Meanwhile, the vital elements of the collective action - mobilization model comprise power, repression/facilitation, and opportunity/threat. SOBSI became an agency for the government workers that integrated five components of collective action, which later led to government workers strike. The demand of government workers was successful, because the Chair of Action Committee of SOBSI, K. Werdoyo had not only a great power within his position and role as the Head of Government workers Faction in the Parliament, but also in his negotiation ability. He not only controlled repressive actions that exercised by the government, but also utilized the government facilities that provided for him. K. Werdoyo was able to take opportunities that were given by Prime Minister Wilopo (from PNI), who acted softly in dealing with the demands of government workers in West Java rather than the former Prime Minister, Sukiman from Masyumi.The government workers strike in West Java caused by the exploitation from the Central Government. Essentially, the policy of Central Government did not against any regulation because the regulation of wage determination was the authority of the Central Government. The main problem emphasized on the injustice action, which suffered by the government workers, by the Central Government. While the workers encountered a serious economic difficulty, the Central Government lowered their income.The demand of government workers in West Java not only succeeded, but also later led to the issue of the Government Regulation Number 31 Year 1954 about the Government workers. The accomplishment of the demand relieved other government workers actions in West Java that already spread to Central Java and East Java Provinces, increased the welfare of government workers, made the organization of SOBSI bigger, and brought the authority to Regional Government in issuing the regulations about government workers. |
D2227-Kandar.pdf :: Unduh