Fenomena regionalisme ekonomi yang berlangsung di kawasan Asia-Pasifik pasca berakhirnya Perang Dingin memiliki karakteristik yang unik dan berbeda dibandingkan dengan regionalisme ekonomi yang terjadi di kawasan lainnya. Karakteristik utama dari regionalisme ekonomi di kawasan Asia-Pasifik adalah prinsip open regionalism. Pemahaman lebih lanjut mengenai fenomena regionalisme ekonomi di kawasan Asia-Pasifik dan prinsip open regionalism dapat ditelaah melalui eksistensi Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). APEC merupakan pelopor kerangka kerja sama ekonomi regional antarnegara di kawasan Asia-Pasifik yang berfokus pada agenda liberalisasi perekonomian regional. Penulisan tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk meneliti eksistensi APEC dalam dinamika regionalisme ekonomi di kawasan Asia-Pasifik melalui metode kronologi. Berdasarkan metode kronologi, penulisan tinjauan literatur ini membagi periodisasi perkembangan kajian literatur tentang APEC ke dalam tiga periode yang berbeda. Tiga periode perkembangan kajian literatur tentang APEC tersebut terbagi menjadi (1) Periode I (Formative Years, 1990-1994), (2) Periode II (Stagnation Years, 1995-2001), dan (3) Periode III (Adjustment Years, 2002-2009). Penulisan tinjauan literatur ini mengidentifikasi bahwa terdapat lima isu dominan yang berkaitan erat dengan eksistensi APEC dalam dinamika regionalisme ekonomi di kawasan Asia-Pasifik, antara lain isu kepemimpinan, isu pembentukan kerja sama, isu pembentukan institusi, isu integrasi regional, dan isu tata kelola regional. Penulisan tinjauan literatur ini juga mengamati bahwa dalam kondisi internasional dan regional Asia-Pasifik yang terkini, APEC mengalami peralihan fokus pada agenda kerja sama ekonomi regionalnya, yang pada awalnya berfokus pada agenda liberalisasi ekonomi regional menjadi agenda integrasi ekonomi regional.
The phenomenon of economic regionalism which occurs in the Asia-Pacific region after the end of the Cold War has unique and distinct characteristics compared to the economic regionalism that happens in other regions. The main characteristic of economic regionalism that takes place in the Asia-Pacific region is the principle of open regionalism. Further comprehension of the phenomenon of economic regionalism in the Asia-Pacific region and also the principle of open regionalism can be examined through the existence of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). APEC is the pioneer of the framework of regional intergovernmental economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region which focuses on the agenda of regional economic liberalization. This literature review aims to examine the existence of APEC in the dynamics of economic regionalism in the Asia-Pacific region by applying the method of chronology. Based on the application of the method of chronology, this literature review divides the periodization of the evolution of a series of relevant literature about APEC into three different periods. The periodization is divided into (1) Period I (Formative Years, 1990-1994), (2) Period II (Stagnation Years, 1995-2001), and (3) Period III (Adjustment Years, 2002-2009). This literature review identified that there are five dominant issues which are closely related to the existence of APEC in the dynamics of economic regionalism in the Asia-Pacific region, as follows: leadership, cooperation building, institution building, regional integration, and regional governance. This literature review also observed that, in the context of current international and regional circumstances that happens in the Asia-Pacific region, APEC has been experiencing a transition of its focus from the agenda of regional economic liberalization regional economic integration. |
TA-Nur Ramadhanny Evasari.pdf :: Unduh