The implementation of rights, policy, forest official, and repressive approach by the government shows that the cultureof control is applied at forest tenure. This research showed that the application of cultural control by the Governmentclashed with the interests of local wisdom and socio-economic communities around the forest. The local communityhave developed strategies and tactics to resist the Government through controlling the land, determining the types ofplant, and by implementing community-based forest management system. These resistance strategies and tactics is themanifestation of the socio-economic conditions which are integrated in the community culture. Through the perspectiveof power (Foucault) and resistance (Scott), this research shows the urgency to put culture and behavior as the focus ofan analysis particularly in the midst of a strong influential political ecology perspective. The focus on culture andbehavior means that an analysis on controlling culture is not only to discuss the strategy of fulfilling the formal rights ofthe government, but also to discuss the arrogant, repressive and proud behavior of the government of its authority andpower. Equally, the analysis of the culture of resistance does not only discuss the strategy to get the formal rights of thecommunity, but also deliberate on the behavior of the community to implement their strategy quietly, secretly, andwhile avoiding the forest staff.Penerapan hak-hak, kebijakan, aparat kehutanan, dan pendekatan represif oleh pemerintah memperlihatkan berlakunyabudaya kontrol dalam penguasaan hutan. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa penerapan budaya kontrol olehpemerintah berbenturan dengan kepentingan sosial-ekonomi dan kearifan lokal masyarakat di sekitar kawasan hutan.Masyarakat lokal membangun strategi dan taktik untuk melawan pemerintah melalui cara menguasai lahan, menentukanjenis tanaman, dan menerapkan sistem pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat. Strategi dan taktik perlawanan tersebutmerupakan manifestasi kondisi sosial-ekonomi yang terintegrasi dalam kultur masyarakat. Melalui perspektif kekuasaan(Foucault) dan perlawanan (Scott), penelitian ini memperlihatkan urgensi menempatkan aspek kebudayaan dan perilakusebagai fokus analisis di tengah kuatnya pengaruh perspektif politik ekologi. Fokus pada aspek kebudayaan danperilaku bermakna bahwa analisis budaya kontrol tidak hanya mendiskusikan strategi pemenuhan hak formalpemerintah, tetapi juga mendiskusikan aspek perilaku pemerintah yang bersifat arogan, represif, dan bangga padaotoritas. Analisis budaya perlawanan pun tidak hanya mendiskusikan strategi pemenuhan hak formal masyarakat, tetapijuga mendiskusikan perilaku masyarakat dalam menjalankan strategi secara diam-diam, sembunyi-sembunyi, danmenghindari petugas kehutanan. |