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Tulisan ini menjabarkan tentang perkembangan tato ditinjau dari aspek motif, makna, maupun fungsinya di kalangannarapidana di Yogyakarta sejak tahun 1950an. Narasumber adalah narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIAYogyakarta, mantan narapidana, dan seniman tato yang memahami seluk beluk perkembangan tato menato diYogyakarta. Motif tato di kalangan narapidana meliputi tumbuhan, binatang, potret manusia, horor, tato tribal, ikonhati, tipografi, biohazard dan biomechanical, juga alam benda. Tampilan motif tato ada dua, yaitu berdiri sendiri danperpaduan beberapa motif. Setiap motif mempunyai makna tertentu. Teknis menatonya menggunakan peralatansederhana berupa benang, jarum, dan norit (merek obat sakit perut) dan mesin tato mekanik. Tato dan kegiatan menatodi kalangan narapidana mempunyai dua fungsi utama yaitu pribadi dan sosial. Fungsi pribadi berkaitan dengan tatosebagai karya seni. Dalam batasan ini, tato berfungsi sebagai ekspresi pengalaman hidup yang berfungsi juga sebagaipengingat akan peristiwa tertentu dan hiasan tubuh, sebagai ekspresi religiositas, terapi dan relaksasi, jimat, daya tarikseks, keamanan diri, serta untuk menutupi luka atau tato yang dianggap tidak bagus. Fungsi pribadi lainnya adalahsebagai pendapatan bagi narapidana yang mampu menato. Fungsi sosial tato adalah lambang kelompok, saranasosialisasi dan menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri individu dalam kelompok, baik di dalam maupun di luar LembagaPemasyarakatan.This article describes about the developments of the motifs, meaning, and functions of the tattoo among the convictsand detainees in Yogyakarta since 1950s. The research respondents were the convicts and detainees in the SocializationInstitution of Class IIA Yogyakarta, ex-convicts, and tattoo artists who understood about the developments of tattooingin Yogyakarta. The Motifs of tattoo among the convicts and detainees were flora, fauna, people portraits, horror, tribaltattoo, heart iconics, typography, biohazard and biomechanical, also still life. There were two appearances of the motif,standed alone and mix motifs. Each motif had particular meaning. The tattoing technique used simple equipment aswool, needle, and norit (a brand of stomach-ache medicine) and mechanical tattoo machine. Tattoo and tattooingactivities among the convicts consist of two major functions, individual and social. As individual function, tattoo is anartwork. In this term, tattoo has a function as the expression of experiences, included as a reminder of specificexperiences and body decoration. Others as a religious expression, therapy and relaxation, talisman, sex appeal, selfprotectionand to cover up the wounds and other tattoo which were not good. Another individual function was jobopportunity for anyone who had ability in tattoing. The social function of tattoo was as a group symbol, a medium ofsocialization and enhancing individual self-confidence in the group either inside or outside the Socialization Institution. |
