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Taeinia saginata dan Taeinia solium ditemukan di seluruh dunia, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Kedua jeniscacing pita ini hidup dalam rongga usus halus. Hospes perantaranya adalah ternak dan babi. Gejala-gejala beratditemukan bilamana T. solium menginfeksi sistim saraf pusat. Kasus-kasus dengan kejang epilepsi dan perilakuabnormal sering ditemukan di daerah endemis. Di Mexico diantara 68.754 sampel serum manusia 0,06-2,97%ditemukan positif untuk cysticercosis. Rupa-rupanya ada hubungan antara angka sero-prevalensi yang tinggi dengantingkat keadaan sosio-ekonomi yang rendah. Di berbagai negara di Amerika Latin ditemukan prevalensi antara 0,1-8,7%, sedangkan prevalensi berkisar antara 0,05-10,4% di Asia dan Afrika. Di Indonesia taeniasis/sistiserkosis terutamaditemukan di tiga provinsi yaitu Sumatera Utara, Bali dan Irian Jaya (Papua). Sejumlah kasus juga ditemukan diLampung, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara, Nusa Tenggara Timur dan Kalimantan Barat. Di Indonesia prevalensitaeniasis/sistiserkosis berkisar antara 1,0-42,7%. Prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan di Irian Jaya. Tidak banyak laporanmengenai sistiserkosis pada ternak di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Pengumpulan data epidemiologi seperti tentangprevalensi dan distribusi diperlukan supaya program penanggulangan berhasil. Disamping itu perlu dilakukanpenyuluhan kesehatan di masyarakat pada tiap program penaggulanganPrevalence and distribution of Taeniasis and Cysticercosis. Taenia saginata and Taenia solium are found throughthe whole world, especially in developing countries. These tapeworms live in the small intestines of humans. Cattle andpigs are the intermediate animal hosts. Serious signs and symptoms are found if T. solium is infecting the centralnervous system. Cases with epileptic seizures and abnormal behavior are often found in endemic areas. In Mexicoamong 68.754 human serum samples 0,06-2,97% were found positive for cysticercosis. Apparently there was anassociation between high sero prevalence rates and low socio-economic conditions. In several countries in LatinAmerica, prevalences were between 0,1-8,7%, whereas prevalences between 0,05-10,4% were detected in Asia andAfrica. In Indonesia taeniasis/cysticercosis are mostly found in three provinces i.e. North Sumatra, Bali and Irian Jaya.Cases were also discovered in North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara and West Kalimantan. Theprevalences of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Indonesia were between 1,0-42,7%. The highest prevalence rate was in IrianJaya (Papua). Not many reports are available for cysticercosis in cattle and in pigs in the world, including Indonesia.The collection of epidemiological data such as on prevalence rates and distribution are needed for a successful controlprogram. In addition community health education should be implemented in control programs. |
