|
Di Manado, limbah cair yang tidak diolah dari rumah tangga termasuk darikakus dan dari aktivitas-aktivitas lain yang menghasilkan limbah cair seper-ti rumah makan, hotel, rumah sakit, tempat pembuangan akhir sampah, danpasar dibuang langsung ke Teluk Manado melalui selokan dan sungai.Kondisi ini diperparah oleh kapasitas kakus yang tidak memadai dan salu-ran pembuangan limbah cair yang buruk. Untuk menilai faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi kondisi dan kapasitas sistem pembuangan yang mungkinmengakibatkan penurunan derajat kesehatan dan lingkungan, telah di-lakukan kajian deskriptif di dua kecamatan di Kota Manado yang melibatkan304 rumah tangga di Wenang dan 300 rumah tangga di Molas. Ditemukanbahwa kebanyakan rumah tangga di kedua kecamatan tersebut telahmemiliki toilet, masing-masing sebanyak 83,2% di Wenang dan 75,0% diMolas. Namun, tidak ada toilet yang berteknologi modern melainkan hanyamenggunakan lubang dalam, saluran terbuka, dan sungai. Akibatnya, sela-ma tahun 2002 kasus-kasus diare mencapai 1.250 di Wenang dan 513 diMolas. Di Molas, kejadian dematitis, gastritis, dan tifoid masing-masingmencapai 1.618. 272 dan 10 kasus. Secara statistik, kondisi dan kapasitasseptic tank berhubungan dengan pendidikan formal dan pengetahuan men-genai limbah cair.Untreated wastewater containing human excreta from households as wellas from other wastewater-generating sources such as restaurants, hotels,hospitals, garbage disposal, and markets, is discharged directly intoManado Bay through ditches, sewers, canals, and rivers. This situation isexacerbated by inadequate capacity of human excreta disposal treatmentand improper sewage system. To assess factors influencing condition andcapacities of this system that may degrade human health and the environ-ment, a descriptive study has been conducted in two districts of the City of Manado. This study involved 304 households in Wenang and 300 house-holds in Molas district. It was found that most households in those districtshave their own toilet, 83.2% and 75.0% in Wenang and Molas respectively.However, no modern technology had been adopted where open deep holes,ditches, sewers, or rivers were still being used for toilets, particularly by lowincome communities. During 2002 there were 513 and 1,250 diarrhoea ca-ses reported in Molas and Wenang respectively. In Molas 1,618 dermatitiscases, 272 gastritis cases, and 10 typhoid cases were also reported.Statistically, the condition and capacity of residential septic tank were sig-nificantly correlated with the residents? level of formal education and waste-water-related knowledge. |
