Analisis Kebijakan Otonomi Khusus Papua 2001-2016 dalam Perspektif Deliberative Public Policy Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan Otonomi Khusus Otsus di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, yang hanya melihat kebijakan Otsus Papua pada tahap implementasi, penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan Otsus sebagai sebuah proses kebijakan, mulai dari tahap formulasi hingga implementasi, dengan menggunakan perspektif deliberative public policy dari teori Dryzek 1990 mengenai deliberative democracy. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan beragam, baik yang mendukung maupun yang mengritisi kebijakan Otsus. Para informan adalah para pembuat kebijakan Otsus Papua di DPR RI dan Pemerintah, serta di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat. Kegiatan observasi dilakukan di Jayapura, Wamena, Manokwari, Sorong, dan Kaimana, yang merepresentasikan wilayah kota dan kabupaten, serta wilayah pantai dan pegunungan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, dan sesuai dengan tujuannya, untuk menganalisis kebijakan Otsus di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat, penelitian ini menggunakan tipe eksplanatori kualitatif. Triangulasi dilakukan melalui kegiatan focus group discussions, yang melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan. Berbeda dengan penelitian LIPI 2004 , yang mengungkap bahwa kebijakan Otsus Papua sudah dilakukan secara partisipatif, penelitian ini menemukan partisipasi yang dilakukan dalam tahap formulasi bersifat semu pseudo-participation . Penelitian ini selanjutnya mengungkap bahwa dalam tahap implementasi, orang asli Papua sebagai target penerima manfaat cenderung diabaikan partisipasinya. Menurut hasil penelitian ini, formulasi dan implementasi kebijakan Otsus Papua harus memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip deliberatif. Penelitian menemukan bahwa perspektif deliberative public policy telah membuka cara pandang baru dalam menganalisis kebijakan Otsus Papua. Penelitian ini mengemukakan kebaruan novelty bahwa dalam perspektif deliberative public policy, pembatasan waktu dalam proses formulasi kebijakan akan menimbulkan masalah dalam implementasinya. Penekanan pada substansi deliberasi lebih penting dari pada sekadar pemenuhan formalitas, karena ia akan menimbulkan pseudo-deliberative, yang menciptakan situasi konflik akibat distrust yang terus tumbuh dan memperkuat tuntutan separatisme. Kata kunci: deliberative public policy, pseudo-deliberative policy, Dryzek 1990, otonomi khusus, Papua, Papua Barat.
Papua Special Autonomy Policy Analysis 2001 2016 A Deliberative Public Policy Perspective This research analyzed special autonomy policy in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. Different from previous researches which only discussed the special autonomy during its implementation, this research examined it as a process since its formulation until its implementation by employing the 1990 Dryzek rsquo s deliberative democracy perspective. Data collection was conducted with library studies, continued with in depth interviews with various informants. The informants consisted of those who supported the special autonomy policy and those who criticized it inside the national parliament and the government, as well as different parties in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. In addition to this, observation works have been conducted in cities and municipalities, as well as coastal and mountainous areas, e.g. Jayapura, Wamena, Manokwari, Sorong, and Kaimana. Data was analyzed by employing a qualitative method. In accordance with the objective of this research, namely to clearly examine both the formulation and implementation of special autonomy policy in the Papua and the West Papua, an explanatory qualitative type was applied. Triangulation of data was, furthermore, conducted with focus group discussions, involving relevant stakeholders. Unlike the 2004 LIPI rsquo s research, which concluded that the Papua special autonomy policy has been deliberatively discussed and created, this research argued and found that the public participation organized during its formulation was actually pseudo, by which the researcher has identified it as pseudo participation. This research has also revealed that since its implementation, the participation of native Papuan, presumably should have gained the benefits of the policy, have been, in reality, ignored. This research further found that the deliberative public policy has introduced a new perspective for analyzing the Papua special autonomy policy. From such perspective, therefore, its formulation and implementation must consequently rely on deliberative principles. As its novelty, this research has revealed that time limitation during the formulation process will bring about problem in its implementation. The researcher accordingly concluded that emphasizing to have a real deliberative process is much more substantial rather than attempting to make it artificially that led to a pseudodeliberative policy. A pseudo one has, in fact, produced conflict caused by the growing distrust of the Papuan to the government, which strengthened aspiration for separatism. Keywords deliberative public policy, pseudo deliberative policy, Dryzek 1990, special autonomy, Papua, West Papua. |
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