ABSTRAK
Pesatnya perkembangan transportasi dan pembangunan prasarananyamembuat masyarakat mudah mengakses sarana transportasi dan mempermudahmobilitas. Namun, perkembangan ini menimbulkan dampak negatif, salah satunyakebisingan. Pajanan terhadap bising dapat mengakibatkan dampak kesehatanterutama pada anak-anak, antara lain gangguan fungsi kognitif seperti konsentrasi.Usia sekolah dasar merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami gangguankonsentrasi akibat kebisingan dan mengakibatkan terganggunya fungsi kognitif yanglain. Beberapa sekolah dasar di Jakarta terletak di pinggir perlintasan kereta api yagsibuk, dimana siswanya berisiko terpajan kebisingan selama berada di sekolah.Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara kebisingan dengan konsentrasi siswa disekolah dasar negeri di pinggir perlintasan kereta api di Kecamatan Tebet. Penelitianini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan 68 responden yaitu siswa kelas 4dan 5. Penelitian ini mengukur kebisingan di kelas, tes konsentrasi dengan digit span,dan variabel lainnya yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi anak. Hasil pengukuranmenunjukkan kebisingan ekuivalen adalah 66,84 dBA, melebihi baku mutu KepMenLH No.48/1996 yaitu 55 dBA untuk wilayah sekolah. Hasil analisis bivariat danmultivariat menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kebisingandengan konsentrasi siswa (p-value=0,78 dan p-value=0,716), namun didapatkan OR3,285. Meskipun kebisingan dengan konsentrasi siswa tidak berhubungan signifikan,namun pajanan kebisingan >55 dBA dialami siswa setiap hari di sekolah, dimanamereka menjadi kelompok rentan mengalami gangguan konsentrasi akibat kebisingan.Rekomendasi untuk mengurangi dampak kebisingan di sekolah adalah denganrekayasa lingkungan dan untuk studi selanjutnya agar mengukur kebisingan diwilayah tempat tinggal siswa serta mengontrol variabel gangguan psikiatri dan IQ.
ABSTRACT
Nowdays, transportation and its infrastructure has developed rapidly in orderto make people easy to access and to mobilize. However, these developments have anegative impact, such as noise. Exposure to noise might result in health effects,especially in children, including cognitive function disorders such as lowering theconcentration. Primary school age is a susceptible group for concentration disorderwhich may result disruption of other cognitive functions. Several primary schools inJakarta are located near the busiest railway crossing, where students are exposed tonoise during school time. This study analyzes the association between noise andconcentration of students in public elementary schools which located near the edge ofthe railway crossing in Tebet. This study is a cross-sectional study with 68respondents from 4th and 5th graders. This study measured noise in the classroom,assessing concentration with digit span instrument, and other variables which affectthe concentration. Measurement result shows equivalent noise is 66.84 dBA,exceeding the standard of KepMen LH No.48 / 1996 which is 55 dBA for school.Results of bivariate and multivariate analysis showed no significant correlationbetween noise with student concentration (p-value = 0,78 and p-value = 0,716),however it showed odds ratio 3,285. Although noise and concentration was notsignificantly correlated, students were experiencing noise exposure> 55 dBA atschool, which may lead the students to became susceptible to disturbance due to noiseexposure. Recommendations for reducing noise impacts in schools are by doingenvironmental engineering and for further studies it is recommended to measure noisein the student's residence area and control the variables of psychiatric disturbancesand IQ. |
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