ABSTRAK
Kawasan Asia Tenggara merupakan salah satu kawasan penting dalam mengkaji perdebatan dan perkembangan konsep regionalisme. Pada kawasan Asia Tenggara, isu yang paling sering dibahas ialah mengenai regionalisme ekonomi. Negara-negara anggota kawasan Asia Tenggara berusaha melakukan integrasi ekonomi guna meningkatkan kondisi pertumbuhan ekonomi masing-masing negara. Namun demikian, berdasarkan kajian empiris terdapat ragam pandangan dalam menelaah dinamika perkembangan regionalisme ekonomi di Asia Tenggara. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan pustaka ini akan memetakan persebaran pandangan dari dinamika perkembangan regionalisme ekonomi di Asia Tenggara dengan menggunakan tiga pandangan utama Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Pandangan pesimis muncul dari pendekatan realisme bahwa terdapat hambatan-hambatan berupa pengaruh negara ekstra-kawasan, kebijakan proteksionisme dan kebijakan bilateralisme. Sedangkan pandangan optimis berasal dari pendekatan liberalisme, yakni pengaruh kelompok pro-liberalisasi, karakteristik dari open regionalism, pandangan ekonomi neoklasik, dan penguatan elemen institusi. Kemudian, perspektif strukturalisme ekonomi melihat bahwa model neoliberalisme yang berjalan perlu diganti dengan model ekonomi lainnya. Selain itu, tinjauan pustaka ini menemukan enam kesenjangan literatur dalam kajian regionalisme ekonomi Asia Tenggara, yakni kesenjangan literatur dari perspektif realisme, liberalisme, dan strukturalisme ekonomi, tren pembahasan literatur per periode, ketiadaan kajian konstruktivisme, dan rendahnya pembahasan kajian ASEAN Post 2015. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan pustaka ini, terbuka kajian penelitian lanjutan yang dapat dikaji dari aspek praktis, politik-ekonomi, ataupun akademis, beragam penelitian baru seperti penggunaan pendekatan konstruktivisme.
ABSTRACT
Southeast Asia is one of the regions that worth to consider as a subject to analyzethe debate of development of regionalism concept. In Southeast Asia, theprominence issue is the economic regionalism. All member countries in the regionhave tried to build economic integration to increase their economic growth.However, based on empirical studies, there are many perspectives have been usedto analyze the dynamics of economic regionalism. Therefore, this literature reviewis focused to mapping the perspectives on the dynamics of development ofeconomic regionalism in Southeast Asia using three main perspectives ofInternational Relations. Literature from realism perspective has seen the skepticalpoint with themes like the influence of extra region countries, protectionismpolicy, and bilateralism policy. Meanwhile liberalism perspective has seen thateconomic regionalism in Southeast Asia has the positive point of views such aspro liberalization group, characteristic of open regionalism Southeast Asia,neoclassical economic perspective, and enhancement of institution. Whereas,economic structuralism argued economic regionalism in Southeast Asia need toshift from using neoliberalism to another model of economic development.Besides that, this literature review found six literature gap of economicregionalism in Southeast Asia, i.e. literature gap from three main perspectives,realism, liberalism and economic structuralism the debate of economicregionalism based on periods the absence of constructivism analyses and theshortage study about ASEAN Post 2015. The result of the literature review isshown that there are many studies still need to be done, in a practical aspect ofpolitical economy or academic aspect, new research that using constructivismperspective as tool of analyses. |
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