Skripsi ini membahas fenomena presidentialized party yang terjadi di Indonesia pasca adanya perubahan landasan konstitusional yakni amandemen UUD 1945. Dalam amandemen tersebut, Indonesia mulai mempertegas sistem presidensialismenya dengan melaksanakan pemilihan umum secara langsung presiden dan wakil presiden. Mekanisme ini mendorong partai politik untuk memilih kandidat yang paling populer sekalipun ia merupakan outsider partai. Hal ini memiliki resiko yakni partai atau ketua umumnya selaku principal akan kesulitan mengontrol dan mengendalikan agent atau outsider yang mereka usung. Presidensialisme setidaknya merubah perilaku partai politik dalam hal penominasian nominating , pemilihan electing , dan pemerintahan governing. Melalui metode kualitatif dan tipe penelitian eksplanatif, penelitian ini mengangkat studi kasus perilaku Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan PDI-P dalam pencalonan Joko Widodo sebagai Calon Presiden Republik Indonesia di Pemilu 2014. Dengan mengombinasikan model presidentialized party Samuels-Shugart 2010 dan Kawamura 2013 sebagai teori utama, ditambah dengan perspektif dari Poguntke-Webb 2005, skripsi ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, PDI-P walaupun tetap didominasi peran Megawati Soekarnoputri dalam keputusan partai, namun memanfaatkan popularitas sosok outsider, Joko Widodo, untuk memenangkan Pemilu 2014. Kedua, dalam kasus PDI-P ini, relasi principal-agent cukup unik karena principalnya hanya Megawati seorang mengingat peran sentralnya dalam partai. Adapun untuk agent terdapat dua pihak yaitu pertama para pengurus partai yang tunduk dengan Megawati, dan sejak Pemilu 2014, muncul agent kedua yaitu Joko Widodo yang mendapat mandat untuk mengelola eksekutif. Ketiga, terdapat beberapa dinamika konflik internal yang didominasi antar agent yang berbeda kepentingan. Keempat, Megawati selaku principal cukup kesulitan memegang/mengontrol agentnya yaitu Jokowi sehingga Megawati kerap mengingatkan dengan istilah ldquo;petugas partai';. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PDI-P mengalami presidensialisasi walaupun tetap memiliki karakter personalized party.
This thesis discusses the phenomenon of presidentialized party that occurred in Indonesia after the change of constitutional basis namely amendment of UUD 1945. In the amendment, Indonesia began to emphasize its presidential system by conducting direct election of president and vice president. This mechanism encourages the political party to choose the most popular candidate even though he she is a party outsider. It has a risk that the party or the general chairperson as 'principal' will have difficulty controlling the 'agent' or outsider that they have nominated. Presidentialism at least changes the behavior of political parties in terms of nominating, electing, and governing. Through the qualitative method and explanative research type, this research raises the case study of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle PDI P behavior in the nomination of Joko Widodo as the Presidential Candidate of the Republic of Indonesia in the 2014 Election. By combining Samuels Shugart 39 s model of presidentialized party 2010 and Kawamura 2013 as the main theory, coupled with the perspective of Poguntke Webb 2005 , this research produced several findings. First, PDI P, although it was still dominated by Megawati Soekarnoputri role in the party 39 s decision, but exploited the popularity of outsider figure, Joko Widodo, to win the 2014 Election. Second, in the case of PDI P, the principal agent relation is unique because its principal is Megawati only, remembering her central role in the party. As for the agents, there are two parties, first, the party administrators who obedient to Megawati, and since the 2014 election, came the second agent namely Joko Widodo who got the mandate to manage the executive. Third, there are several internal conflict dynamics dominated by conflict between different interests of agents. Fourth, Megawati as principal was having difficulty in controlling her agent, Jokowi, so Megawati was often reminded him with the term party officer . This study concludes that PDI P was presidentialized although it still had a personalized party character. |
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