ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the enviromental and economic impacts of introducing CO2 taxation on carbon-based fuels using a detailed disaggregation of energy-economy-enviromental CGE model for Indonesia. The carbon tax has yet to beimplemented in Indonesia. However, this instrument has been considered in the ministry of finance report as one of the goverment's fiscal strategic framework to finance the country's action plan in commitments to reduce the GHG emissions. Suppose that the goverment levies the tax of Rp.100,000/ton CO2e under two possible revenue-recycling scenarios: the carbon tax revenue is recycled troght a reduction of labour income tax rate or an incrase of goverment spending on commodities. For comparison purpose, we also implement the non-compensated scenario of which the additional revenue from carbon tax is kept as goverment savings to run budget surplus. Overall, the results suggested that the carbon tax reduces the national emissions but adding more cost to the economy, resulting a fall in GDP. in term of income distribution, the carbon tax tends to be progressive in bth scenarios of revenue-recycling. However, when there is no compensating mechanism, the carbon tax tends to be reggresive - the poorer houshols carry a higher share of the carbon tax burden. |
