ABSTRAK
Transmisi kasus DBD melibatkan tiga organisme utama yaitu virus dengue, nyamuk Aedes, dan manusia sebagai host. Keberlangsungan ketiga organisme tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan pola perilaku. Kota Bekasi merupakan salah satu daerah endemis DBD di Provinsi Jawa Barat mengalami kecenderungan peningkatan jumlah kasus DBD setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional yang bertujuan menganalisis keberadaan larva Aedes sp yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan perilaku pemberantasan sarang nyamuk dalam hubungannya dengan status transmisi DBD di Kota Bekasi.Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kelurahan dengan jumlah kasus DBD tinggi dan rendah di Kecamatan Mustikajaya dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 280 rumah tangga. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu kondisi lingkungan yang meliputi pencahayaan ruangan, keberadaan, tinggi dan rimbunan tanaman di pekarangan rumah, jumlah tempat penampungan air TPA , serta keberadaan larva Aedes di rumah dan perilaku PSN yang diamati meliputi frekuensi membersihkan TPA, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, larvasida, pemeliharaan predator larva dan tanaman pengusir nyamuk terhadap status transmisi kasus DBD di Kota Bekasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik berganda dengan p-value sebesar 0,05.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keberadaan larva Aedes di daerah kasus rendah dipengaruhi oleh perilaku pemberantasan sarang nyamuk OR=14,14, 95 CI=5,24 - 38,11 , sedangkan di daerah kasus DBD tinggi keberadaan larva Aedes dipengaruhi oleh pencahayaan OR=3,65 95 CI=1,55 - 8,62 dan jumlah TPA OR=2,79 95 CI=1,32 ndash; 5,91 . Faktor lingkungan dan perilaku yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya transmisi kasus DBD yang tinggi di Kota Bekasi adalah pencahayaan OR=0,32 95 CI=0,15 ndash; 0,67 , tinggi tanaman 5-12 m OR=1,01 95 CI = 1,01 ndash; 2,02 , frekuensi membersihkan TPA OR=4,76 95 CI=2,47 ndash; 9,13 penggunaan obat anti nyamuk OR=2,28 CI=1,29 ndash; 4,31 , dan tanaman anti nyamuk OR=0,15 CI=0,06 ndash; 0,37 . Variabel yang paling dominan berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya transmisi kasus DBD yang tinggi di Kota Bekasi adalah frekuensi membersihkan TPA. Dari hasil tersebut disarankan agar sosialisasi pemberantasan sarang nyamuk PSN lebih dioptimalkan dengan mengintensifkan peran juru pemantau jentik Jumantik serta peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan Jumantik untuk memonitor kondisi lingkungan masyarakat secara kontinyu.
ABSTRACT
Transmission of DHF cases involves three main organisms that is dengue virus, Aedes mosquito, and human host. The sustainability of the three organisms is influenced by environmental factors and behavior patterns. Bekasi city is one of the dengue endemic areas in West Java Province experienced a tendency of increasing number of dengue cases every year. This research was a cross sectional study that aims to analyze the presence of Aedes sp larvae that are influenced by environmental factors and mosquito breeding places eradication behavior in relation to the status of DHF transmission in Bekasi City.This research was conducted in two urban villages with high and low dengue fever cases in Mustikajaya Distric with total sample of 280 households. The variables observed were environmental conditions that include room lighting, presence, height and hedge of plants in the yard of the house, the number of water container, as well as the presence of Aedes larvae at home and observed eradication behaviours of mosquito include frequency behavior of cleaning water containers, use of mosquito repellent, larvacide, maintenance of larval predators and mosquito repellent plants on the transmission status of dengue cases in Bekasi City. The data obtained were analyzed using chi square and multiple logistic regression analysis with p value of 0.05.The results showed that the presence of Aedes larvae in low case areas was influenced by the frequency behavior of cleaning water containers OR 14,14, 95 CI 5,24 38,11 , whereas in high dengue cases the presence of Aedes larvae was influenced by lighting OR 3,65 95 CI 1,55 ndash 8,62 and the number of water container OR 2,79 95 CI 1,32 ndash 5,91 . Environmental and behavioral factors that contribute to the occurrence of high DBD case transmission in Bekasi City are lighting OR 0,32 95 CI 0,15 ndash 0,67 , plant height 5 12 m OR 1,01 95 CI 1,01 ndash 2,02 , frequency of cleaning of landfill OR 4,76 95 CI 2,47 9,13 use of mosquito repellent OR 2,28 CI 1,29 4 , 31 , and mosquito repellent plants OR 0,15 CI 0,06 ndash 0,37 . The most dominant variable contributing to the high transmission of dengue cases in Bekasi City was the frequency behavior of cleaning water containers. From these results it is suggested that the socialization of frequency behavior of cleaning water containers is more optimized by intensifying the role of larva monitoring officer Jumantik as well as increasing the knowledge and skills of Jumantik to monitor the environmental condition continuously. |
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