ABSTRAK
Perekonomian Negara-negara Baltic Sea Region BSR bergantung pada aktivitas transportasi maritim yang rawan akan terjadinya kecelakaan dan polusi di laut sehingga membawa dampak negatif bagi ekosistem Laut Baltik. Untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut the HELCOM Helsinki Commission menetapkan strategi the BSAP Baltic Sea Action Plan dan Uni Eropa menetapkan the EUSBSR European Union Strategy for Baltic Sea Region Action Plan. Tesis ini membahas strategi yang ditempuh the HELCOM dan Uni Eropa dalam meningkatkan manajemen dan kontrol lalulintas di Laut Baltik tahun 2007 sampai 2018. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dicapai dengan menerapkan prosedur keselamatan navigasi dan kapasitas tanggap darurat yang efektif, antara lain mengembangkan re-survei rute pelayaran, e-navigation dan teknologi baru, navigasi musim dingin, awak kapal yang terlatih dan penanggulangan situasi darurat. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksploratori dan induktif. Analisis penelitian diuraikan dengan menggunakan tiga teori meliputi teori identitas menjelaskan keterkaitan kerusakan lingkungan dengan identitas regional BSR yang memiliki kesamaan letak geografis, pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan tantangan lingkungan. Ketidakseimbangan ekologis di Laut Baltik diasosiasikan dengan beberapa aspek meliputi karakter geografis, pemukiman, tumpahan minyak, perikanan tangkap serta kandungan nutrien dan senyawa toksin di perairan Baltik; teori institusional menjelaskan elemen-elemen institusional the HELCOM dan the EUSBSR terdiri dari formalisasi, tujuan, keanggotaan, struktur organisasi, legislasi, kebijakan, prosedur, finansial dan kerjasama; dan teori keamanan lingkungan menjelaskan unsur-unsur keamanan lingkungan dari strategi the HELCOM BSAP segmen aktivitas maritim dan the EUSBSR Action Plan PA Safe termasuk implementasi dan pencapaiannya. Pencapaian the HELCOM BSAP didasarkan pada dua indikator yaitu pengendalian jumlah kecelakaan kapal dan jumlah tumpahan minyak yang masih perlu peningkatan kultur keselamatan. Sedangkan pencapaian the EUSBSR Action Plan berupa sejumlah Flagship Projects yang telah selesai dilaksanakan antara lain ESABALT, MONA LISA, BMSP, MIMIC, EfficienSea dan MARSUNO.
ABSTRACT
The economy of Baltic Sea Region BSR considerably depends on maritime transportation activities troubled by marine accidents and marine pollution which bring negative impact to the Baltic Sea Ecosystem. The HELCOM Helsinki Commission sets the BSAP Baltic Sea Action Plan and the European Union sets the EUSBSR European Union Strategy for Baltic Sea Region Action Plan to reduce the risks. The thesis discusses strategies that undertaken by the HELCOM and the European Union to enhance traffic management and traffic control of Baltic Sea during 2007 to 2018. By applying efficiently safety navigation and preparedness and response capacity procedures could gain improved those measures, among others, developing resurveying of shipping routes, e navigation and new technology, winter navigation, well trained crew onboard vessels and preparedness for emergency situations. Data processing of this research uses exploratory and inductive methods. The research analysis described by three theories, identity theory explaining the linkage between environmental damage and BSR regional identity which have similar geographical, the usage of natural resources and environmental challenge. Ecological imbalances in the Baltic Sea associated with several aspects including natural geographic caracter, settlement, oil spill, fishing and nutrient content and toxin compound in the Baltic Water the institutional theory explains the institutional elements of the HELCOM and the EUSBSR consisting of formalization, objectives, membership, organizational structure, legislation, policies, procedures, financial and cooperation and environmental security theory explains its components of the HELCOM BSAP strategy on the maritime activity segment and the EUSBSR Action Plan PA Safe including both implementation and achievement. The achievement of the HELCOM BSAP consists of two indicators, controlling the number of ship accidents and the number of oil spills which need safety culture improvement. While the achievement of the EUSBSR Action Plan based on a number of completed Flagships Projects namely ESABALT, MONA LISA, BMSP, MIMIC, EfficienSea and MARSUNO. |
T51135-Ridha.pdf :: Unduh