Plutonium dan Americium merupakan produk fisi dari aktivitas fasilitas nuklir. Operasional fasilitas nuklir kemungkinan melepas radioisotop tersebut ke lingkungan. Dalam lingkungan perairan laut Pu dan Am terspesiasi menjadi beberapa bentuk senyawaan kimia. Perna viridis mampu mengakumulasi kedua radioisotop tersebut yang dipengaruhi oleh bentuk spesiasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bioindikator kontaminan Pu dan Am menggunakan Perna viridis. Percobaan dilakukan mulai dari pengambilan biota, bioakumulasi dan depurasi. Parameter biokinetika yang diteliti meliputi faktor konsentrasi (CF), konstanta laju pengambilan (ku), konstanta laju pelepasan (ke), faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF), dan waktu paruh biologis (tb1/2). Pada studi ini dilakukan pengamatan organ sasaran bioakumulasi Pu dan Am pada Perna viridis. Spesiasi 242Pu (Pu3+ dan Pu4+) dan 243Am (Am3+ dan Am4+) menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap kemampuan Perna viridis mengakumulasi Pu dan Am. Pada percobaan diperoleh salah satunya parameter biokinetika dengan nilai CF Pu3+ pada insang, pencernaan dan sisa organ berturut-turut sebesar 7,0 mL.g-1; 8,8 mL.g-1 dan 8,0 mL.g-1. Nilai CF Pu4+ pada insang, pencernaan dan sisa organ berturut-turut sebesar 8,8 mL.g-1; 10,4 mL.g-1 dan 9,8 mL.g-1. Nilai CF Am3+ pada insang, pencernaan dan sisa organ berturut-turut sebesar 18 mL.g-1; 22,5 mL.g-1 dan 19 mL.g-1. Nilai CF Am4+ pada insang, pencernaan dan sisa organ berturut-turut sebesar 16,5 mL.g-1; 20 mL.g-1 dan 17 mL.g-1. Isotop Pu4+ dan Am3+ terakumulasi lebih tinggi dan tertahan lebih lama di kompartemen tubuh P. viridis daripada Pu3+ dan Am4+. Isotop Pu4+ dan Am3+ terdistribusi paling tinggi di kompartemen tubuh bagian pencernaan daripada di bagian insang. Berdasarkan eksperimen diasumsikan bahwa Perna viridis dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator.
Plutonium and Americium are fission products from the activities of nuclear facilities. The operation of nuclear facilities is likely to release the radioisotope into the environment. In the marine environment Pu and Am form speciation into several forms of chemical compounds. Perna viridis can accumulate the two radioisotopes which are affected by the shape of the speciation. One of the parameters that influence the accumulation ability is Pu and Am speciation.This study aims to obtain Pu and Am contaminant bioindicators using Perna viridis. Experiments were carried out starting from taking biota, bioaccumulation, and depuration. Biokinetics parameters, such as concentration factors (CF), uptake rate constants (ku), elimination rate constants (ke), bioconcentration factors (BCF), and biological half-life (tb1/2), were investigated. In this study, observation of Pu and Am bioaccumulation target organs in Perna viridis. Speciation of 242Pu (Pu3+ dan Pu4+) dan 243Am (Am3+ dan Am4+) affected the ability of Perna viridis to accumulates plutonium and americium. In this study Pu observed the target organ of Pu and Am bioaccumulation at Perna viridis. In the experiment, one of them was biokinetics parameters with CF value of Pu3+ on the gills, digestive glands and organ remains are 7.0 mL.g-1, 8.8 mL.g-1 and 8.0 mL. g-1 respectively. CF value of Pu4+ on the gills, digestive glands and organ remains are 8.8 mL.g-1, 10.4 mL.g-1 and 9.8 mL.g-1 respectively. CF value of Am3+on the gills, digestive glands and organ remains 18 mL.g-1, 22.5 mL.g-1 and 19 mL.g-1 respectively. CF value of Am4+ on the gills, digestive glands and organ remains are 16.5 mL.g-1, 20 mL.g-1 and 17 mL.g-1 respectively. Isotopes of Pu4+ and Am3+ accumulate higher and hold longer in the body compartment of P. viridis than Pu3+ and Am4+. Isotopes of Pu4+ and Am3+ are highest distributed in the body compartment of the digestive glands rather than in the gills. Based on the experiment it is assumed that Perna viridis can be used as a bioindicator. |
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