Proses liberalisasi perdagangan dunia sebelumnya hanya diatur secara multilateral melalui World Trade Organization WTO , tetapi sejak proliferasi free trade agreement FTA tahun 1980-an, muncul perdebatan antara building blocks dan stumbling blocks dalam melihat kaitan FTA dengan usaha liberalisasi perdagangan multilateral. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk memetakan persebaran perdebatan tersebut di berbagai kawasan dan fenomena kesepakatan perdagangan yang ada. Berdasarkan teknik pengorganisasian taksonomi, tinjauan literatur ini membagi pembahasan ke dalam beberapa kawasan dan fenomena yakni Amerika Utara, Amerika Latin, Eropa, Asia Timur, Asia-Pasifik, Afrika, Mega-FTA, dan komparasi lintas kawasan. Selain taksonomi, tinjauan literatur ini juga menggunakan teknik pengorganisasian tipologi untuk membagi literatur berdasarkan argumentasi building blocks dan stumbling blocks. Dari hasil tinjauan literatur, ditemukan beberapa tema utama yang memengaruhi relasi antara regionalisme dengan multilateralisme perdagangan, yakni pergeseran ke bilateralisme cross-regional, pengaruh kerja sama regional utama kawasan, dan pengaruh eksternal. Kemudian, ditemukan pula beberapa kesenjangan literatur umum dari tiap kawasan yang dapat menjadi potensi penelitian lanjutan, yakni peran kelompok epistemik, peran aliansi bisnis transnasional, dan dinamika politik intra-regional yang memengaruhi relasi regionalisme perdagangan di kawasan tersebut dengan usaha multilateralisme perdagangan.
Previously, world trade liberalization efforts were managed multilaterally through World Trade Organization WTO, but after the proliferation of free trade agreement FTA in the 1980s, a debate emerged between the building blocks and stumbling blocks argumentations in viewing the relation of FTA with multilateral trade liberalization effort. This literature review aims to map this debate in various regions and FTA phenomenon. Based on taxonomy technique, this literature review classifies its discussion into few regions and phenomenon, which are North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, Asia Pacific, Africa, Mega-FTA, and cross-regional comparation. Besides taxonomy, this literature review also uses typology technique to classify the literature based on building blocks and stumbling blocks argumentation. Based on the literature review, several main themes that influence the relation between trade regionalism and multilateralism can be found, such as the switch to cross-regional bilateralism, the influence of the region`s main regional cooperation, and external influence. Then, this literature review also finds some literature gaps from each regions which could be potential for further research, which are the role of epistemic community, the role of transnational business alliance, and intra-regional political dynamics that influence the relation of a region rsquo;s trade regionalism with trade multilateralism effort. |
TA Pdf-Irdita Saraswati.pdf :: Unduh