ABSTRACT
Cendawan polypore merupakan kelompok cendawan yang memiliki binding dan skeletal hyphae dengan himenium yang umumnya berpori. Cendawan tersebut memiliki manfaat tinggi pada sisi ekologis dan antroposentris. Akan tetapi, sampai dengan tahun 2018, keanekaragaman cendawan di Kampus UI Depok, khususnya cendawan polypore, belum pernah terdata. Hal tersebut perlu menjadi perhatian besar mengingat berbagai peningkatan jumlah sarana-prasarana telah dan sedang dilakukan di kawasan kampus sehingga dapat mengancam keberadaan cendawan polypore. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mendeskripsikan, membandingkan keanekaragaman taksonomi, dan menyediakan koleksi spesimen cendawan polypore di Kampus UI Depok. Sampling spesimen dilakukan di seluruh kawasan urban dan hutan Kampus UI Depok menggunakan metode jelajah bebas. Karakterisasi, identifikasi, dan penyusunan deskripsi spesies menggunakan pendekatan morfologi, baik makroskopis maupun mikroskopis. Diperoleh 70 spesimen cendawan polypore dari kawasan tersebut yang terdiri atas 34 spesies yang berasal dari 22 genus, 7 famili (1 incertae sedis), dan 4 ordo. Sebanyak 82,35% cendawan polypore berasal dari ordo Polyporales GA um. Sementara itu, famili dan genus terbesar adalah Polyporaceae dan Trametes. Sebanyak 17 spesies yang terdeteksi sebagai spesies new record di Pulau Jawa dan 11new record di Indonesia. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan hutan memiliki keanekaragaman taksonomi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kawasan urban. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh perbedaan ketersediaan substrat tumbuhan dan kondisi abiotik pada kedua kawasan yang dapat memengaruhi dispersi dan pertumbuhan cendawan polypore.
ABSTRACT
The polypore mushrooms or polypores are distinguished by their binding and skeletal hyphae and typical poroid hymenophore. Huge beneficial ecological and anthropocentric values can be obtained from them. Unfortunately, there have never been any mushroom diversity record on site, including polypores, though Universitas Indonesia has been established in Depok for 31 years. Moreover, campus facilities development which is ongoing may threaten their existence. The study was aimed to list and describe polypores of UI Depok Campus which then collected as specimen for further studies. Taxonomic diversity in urban and forest area were then compared. Sampling had been conducted using broad survey method. Characterization, identification, and species description were done using morphological approach, both macroscopic and microscopic. Seventy specimens which were collected consisted of 34 species from 22 genera, 7 families (1 incertae sedis), and 4 orders. Polyporales GA um is the largest order (82,35% from all species found) with Polyporaceae and Trametes as the largest in rank family and genus respectively. It is then known that 17 species are new record in Java and 11 among them are new to Indonesia. The study shows that taxonomical diversity is higher in forest area compared to urban area. It was possible due to the differences in plant availability as substrate and abiotic factors those affect polypores dispersion and growth. |
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